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Set Cornell Notes on pg. 29.2upNeurons 31 Nervous 2.129.1-2 Atoms, Ions, System and Neurons and Molecules •Topic: 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons •Essential Question(s): 1. Draw and label a neuron on pg. 46 in picture bubble map format. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system provides the means by which organ systems communicate and is composed of highly specialized cells. 29.2 Neurons KEY CONCEPT The nervous system provides one of the means by which organ systems communicate. 29.2 Neurons • The nervous system controls thoughts, movement, and emotion as well as simpler life processes such as swallowing 29.2 Neurons • The nervous system works quickly, using chemical and electrical signals. – interconnected network of cells (hardwired) – signals move through cells (neurons) – divided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) - CNS- brain and spinal cord - PNS-network of nerves that transmit messages to and from the PNS to the CNS spinal chord nerves 29.2 Neurons KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells. 29.2 Neurons Neurons (aka nerve cells) are cells that can store information and send and receive messages within the nervous system. • Make up an information network (Like the internet) Cell body axon Dendrites neurotransmitter 29.2 Neurons A Closer Look at Neurons (4m53s) 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 1 Cell body 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 2 dendrites 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 3. axon carries messages to other cells Specialized support cells- such as the myelin sheathinsulate neurons’ axons and helps them send messages 3 axon 29.2 Neurons Directions: Please make a picture bubble map of this neuron. Use p. 876-879 in your book to help you. Label all major parts of a neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, action potential, synapse, neurotransmitters). Once all parts are labeled, you need to describe the function of each. 29.2 Neurons Synapse: Gaps between neurons Synapse 29.2 Neurons Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron. Neurotransmitters 29.2 Neurons Action Potential: Electrical impulse that carries messages Dendrites receive action potential 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON Dendrites of next neuron 29.2 Neurons Axon terminal: releases neurotransmitters (chemical signals) Synapse (gap) Axon terminal Dendrites of next neuron 29.2 Neurons Check your labels: Neurotransmitters NEURON Synapse Cell body axon Myelin sheath Dendrites Action potential Axon terminal 29.2 Neurons Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses 1. When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron - Electrical Impulse reaches axon terminal 29.2 Neurons 2. Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) 3. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. 4. Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell. synapse neurotransmitte vesicles receptor 29.2 Neurons Neurons and Sensory Neurons (2m59s) 29.2 Neurons How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? 29.2 Neurons How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell. Set Cornell Notes on pg. 29.2upNeurons 33 •Topic: 29.2 Types of Neurons •Essential Question(s): 1. None. 29.2 Types of Neurons 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 29.2 Neurons How the Nervous System Works (1m59s) 29.2 Neurons There are 3 types of neurons: 1) Sensory neurons 2) Interneurons 3) Motor neurons 29.2 Neurons 1. Sensory Neurons: (Think Senses) • Function: Sensory receptors gather information from external/ internal environment and carry impulses along sensory neurons to the CNS • NO INTERPRETATION • Located in PNS Outside: Light & Sound Intensities Inside: Temperature Oxygen Levels pH Levels 34 29.2 Neurons 2)Interneurons: • Function: Receives signals from sensory neurons and processes and interprets these messages within the CNS • Makes decisions on what needs to be done • Sends messages/instructions to motor neurons • Located in CNS 35 29.2 Neurons 3)Motor neurons: • Function: Carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors •Effectors: muscles and glands will execute a specific task • Located in the PNS. 36 29.2 Neurons Motor Neurons (57s) 29.2 Neurons Key: Motor Neurons Interneurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons Draw/label 2. ________________ on p. 33 1._______________ 3. ______________ 4. _____________ 5._____________ 38 29.2 Neurons Key: Motor Neurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons Interneurons 1. Receptors 2. Sensory Neurons 3. Interneurons 4. Motor Neurons 5. Effectors 39 29.2 Neurons Key: Motor Neurons Effectors Receptors 1. Sensory Neurons 2. 3. 5. 4. 40 Interneurons 29.2 Neurons Stimuli and Neurons (4m 16s) 29.2 Neurons In a nutshell…. • The nervous system can: • Detect changes in the body • Make decisions based on the info received • Stimulate muscles and/or glands to respond • Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis 42 Types of Neurons “Story” Tree Map (P. 32) 29.2 Neurons Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons • Function • Location • Function • Location • Function • Location Give a real life example (Tell a story) 1. The phone rings. The sensory neurons in your ear gather the sound information and send it to the CNS 2. Your brain interprets this information and identifies the sound as the phone ringing. This info is sent to the motor neurons 3. The motor neurons send nerve impulses to your muscles which allow you to answer the phone Draw a picture for each 43