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The Nervous System What is regulation? The control and coordination of all bodily activities Which two body systems are responsible for carrying out this life function? Nervous Endocrine (hormones) What are the major functions of the Nervous System Regulation Recognize and respond to stimuli (any change in the environment) Sends messages between cells Parts of the NERVOUS SYSTEM Central N.S. Peripheral N.S. •Consists of Nerves and Neurons Spinal Cord Brain • Allows for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body The body’s main information processing center. Parts of the Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla The Brain A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Brain Stem (Medulla) Cerebrum Largest It part of the brain. is responsible for: • Conscience thought • Intelligence • Memory Cerebellum Second It largest part of the brain. is responsible for: • Balance • Coordinates muscle activity Medulla Found at the base of the brain Responsible for: • Automatic Processes Heart Rate Breathing Gastrointestinal activity Spinal Cord Connects Carries to the brain through the medulla. messages to and from the brain. Coordinates Reflexes What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? What structures comprise each of these divisions? The Nervous System Identify These Parts of the Brain #1 #3 #2 What is the main functional unit of the peripheral nervous system? THE NEURON!! Nodes of Ranvier Saltatory Conduction What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron? Nerve – a bundle of neurons. – specialized cell that transports impulses (messages) Neuron Nerve (many neurons) Types of Neurons Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons Sensory Neurons Sensory Neuron: Attached to receptors; receive stimuli from the environment and carry them to the CNS (central nervous system). • Ex. Five Senses Heat Pain Water Concentration Tissue Damage Interneurons They are found in the brain or spinal cord (CNS), “BETWEEN” sensory and motor neurons. Motor Neurons Motor Neuron: carry information from interneurons to effectors (muscles or glands) to produce a response Structure of a Neuron Dendrites- receive signals (impulses and sends them down the neuron) Cell Body- contains nucleus, cytoplasm, and other organelles Axon- carries electrical signals from cell body down the neuron A B D C E Structure of a Neuron Terminal Branches- end of the neuron, transmits signal to the next one Synapse- gap between adjacent neurons; site of chemical activity A B D C E What is a nervous impulse? The electrochemical signal transmitted through the nervous system How are impulses sent throughout the nervous system? Electrically and Chemically!! Where is the signal electrical? Within a neuron Where is the signal chemical? At the synapse (between neurons) What is the name for the chemicals that transmit nervous impulses between neurons? Neurotransmitters! Functions of Neurotransmitters Video What are some examples of neurotransmitters? What types of signals do they send? Generalized Pathway of Nervous System Stimulus - change in internal or external environment (ex. sound, light, heat, odor) Receptor - specialized structures to receive stimulus (ex. ear, nose, mouth, eyes, and skin) Neurons – Sensory -> Inter -> Motor (sense change and figure out how to respond) Chain Reaction – specialized to produce a response (a muscle or gland) Effectors Response - the physical movement made in response to the stimulus or the secretion of a hormone from a gland. The Nervous System Reflex actions Reflexes A REFLEX is an automatic response to a certain stimulus (you have NO control over it). • Ex: Blinking Sneezing Coughing Breathing Heartbeat Knee-jerk Dilation of Pupil What happens when you touch a hot surface like an iron? How do drugs affect the nervous system?