* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Biological Perspective - Shannon Deets Counseling LLC
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Neuroesthetics wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Emotional lateralization wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Subventricular zone wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Environmental enrichment wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Time perception wikipedia , lookup
Limbic system wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Anatomy of the cerebellum wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Neural correlates of consciousness wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Chemical synapse wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
The Biological Perspective Chapter 2 Ciccarelli and Meyer Overview of the Nervous System • Neuroscience • Nervous System (Figure 2.1) – Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord • Plasticity – Peripheral Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System – Parasympathetic Division – Sympathetic Division • Somatic Nervous System – Three Functions of the Nervous System Next Three Functions of the Nervous System Return Structure of the Neuron Biological Psychology/Behavioral Neuroscience General Cell Structure Neurons are Specialized Cells -Definition of Neuron -Three Types of Neurons 1) Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons) 2) Interneurons 3) Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons) Parts of a Neuron Parts of a Neuron Soma Dendrites Axon Neurons in the Body Neurilemma Glial Cells Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cells (Nodes of Ranvier) Astrocytes Microglia Nerves Image of a Neuron Return Central Nervous System: The Reflex Arc Return Basic Structure of a Cell RETURN Generating the Message Within the Neuron Ionic Solution Resting Potential Action Potential All or none Video Sending the message to other cells: The Synapse Axon Terminals Synaptic Knob Synaptic Vesicles Neurotransmitters Synaptic Gap or Synapse Receptor Sites How do Neurotransmitters get across the synapse Video Neurotransmitters, Messengers of the Network • • • • • • • Neurotransmitters Agonists/ Antagonists Acetylcholine Glutamate GABA Serotonin Dopamine • Neural regulators/ Neural Peptides/ Endorphins Agonist for GABA • GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that results in calming anxiety • If a person has anxiety and they are given Diazepam, an agonist for GABA • What happens to someone who takes diazepam Answer • The person becomes calm and the anxiety is reduced. Antagonist for Norephinephrine • Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in arousal (wakefulness) • If a patient has excessive arousal and presents with difficulty sleeping and they are given an antagonist for norepinephrine what happens? Answer • They are able to sleep • return Cleaning up the Synapse: Reuptake and Enzymes • • • • Reuptake Acetylcholine Enzymatic Degradation SSRI The Central Nervous System: The Central Processing Unit • • • • • Central Nervous System The Brain The Spinal Cord Neuroplasticity Stem Cells Figure 2.6- The Spinal Cord Reflex • Reflex Arc • RETURN Superman Return Looking Inside the Living Brain • Lesioning Studies • Brain Stimulation – Invasive techniques – Noninvasive techniques • Mapping Structure • Mapping Function From the Bottom Up: Structures of the Brain The Hindbrain • The Brain Stem – Medulla – Pons • The Reticular Formation – Raphe Nuceli • Cerebellum – Alcohol – Alcohol 2 Structures under the cortex: Limbic System • • • • • Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Cingulate Cortex Cortex • Lobes • Association Areas • Cerebral Hemispheres 4 Lobes of the Cortex • • • • Occipital Lobes Parietal Lobes Temporal Lobes Frontal Lobes – Mirror Neurons Association Areas of the Cortex • Broca’s Area • Wernicke’s Area • Spatial Neglect Cerebral Hemispheres • Split Brain Research Left Hemispheres Right Hemispheres Controls the right hand Controls the left hand Spoken language Nonverbal Written language Visual-spatial perception Mathematical calculations Music and artistic processing Logical thought processes Emotional thought and recognition Analysis of detail Processes the whole Reading Pattern recognition/facial recogniiton • Sex Differences Applying Psychology to Everyday Life • ADHD • 3 Diagnostic Specifications – 1) ADHD, predominantly hyperactive – 2) ADHD, predominantly inattentive – 3) ADHD, combined type • Brain Areas involved – Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cortical structures, cerebellum, corpus callosum • Causes The Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System • Sensory Pathway • Motor Pathway Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic Division • Parasympathetic Division Distant Connections: The Endocrine Glands • • • • • • Pituitary Pineal Thyroid Pancreas Gonads Adrenal Psychology in the News • Myths • Sources Sex Differences • • • • • • Mental Process Male Emotional Expression Right Visual/Spatial Perception Left Vocabulary/Definitions Left Grammar/Language Mechanics Left Hand Movements Left Return Female Both Sides Both Sides Both Sides Left Front Left Front Neuronal Transmission