Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... the cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit, the STN plays an important role in not only motor, but also in cognitive and limbic processes. Classically the STN is divided into three subregions: a motor, limbic and associative part (Hamani, et al., 2004, Temel, et al., 2005). The STN neuronal ...
... the cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit, the STN plays an important role in not only motor, but also in cognitive and limbic processes. Classically the STN is divided into three subregions: a motor, limbic and associative part (Hamani, et al., 2004, Temel, et al., 2005). The STN neuronal ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... detella pertussis toxin sensitization (Bphs), which controls both histamine-mediated autoimmune T cell and vascular responses after pertussis toxin sensitization. Histamine H1R- and H2R-deficient mice have an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function (318, 564) and a lower susceptibility to develop autoimm ...
... detella pertussis toxin sensitization (Bphs), which controls both histamine-mediated autoimmune T cell and vascular responses after pertussis toxin sensitization. Histamine H1R- and H2R-deficient mice have an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function (318, 564) and a lower susceptibility to develop autoimm ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... and Hindu Vedic literatures (Mandukya Upanishad, 400 BC-200 BC), classification of such a sleep state on the basis of objective electrophysiological criteria was made possible only in the mid-twentieth century. The period following the discovery of REM sleep was marked by an ever-increasing interest ...
... and Hindu Vedic literatures (Mandukya Upanishad, 400 BC-200 BC), classification of such a sleep state on the basis of objective electrophysiological criteria was made possible only in the mid-twentieth century. The period following the discovery of REM sleep was marked by an ever-increasing interest ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... Segal, 1997; Volkow et al., 2001). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques offer non-‐invasive, accessible, and versatile tools to study stimulant effects in the developing human brain. Especially functional MRI studies investigating acute st ...
... Segal, 1997; Volkow et al., 2001). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques offer non-‐invasive, accessible, and versatile tools to study stimulant effects in the developing human brain. Especially functional MRI studies investigating acute st ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... multitude of contexts (e.g., in music, literature, film, sports, or everyday life). However, the psychological and neuronal mechanisms underlying tension experiences remain largely unclear. This dissertation aims to advance the understanding of tension and suspense by presenting theoretical and empi ...
... multitude of contexts (e.g., in music, literature, film, sports, or everyday life). However, the psychological and neuronal mechanisms underlying tension experiences remain largely unclear. This dissertation aims to advance the understanding of tension and suspense by presenting theoretical and empi ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... Metabotropic receptors are organized into three classes or groups, Group I, Group II, and Group III receptors. Group I receptors include GRM1 and GRM5. Group I receptors classically are coupled to Gq /G11 proteins that activate inositol triphosphate (IP3) second messenger signaling and increase intr ...
... Metabotropic receptors are organized into three classes or groups, Group I, Group II, and Group III receptors. Group I receptors include GRM1 and GRM5. Group I receptors classically are coupled to Gq /G11 proteins that activate inositol triphosphate (IP3) second messenger signaling and increase intr ...
Test Bank 1
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural respiration and cell metabolism to occur d. provide a soft ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural respiration and cell metabolism to occur d. provide a soft ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... discriminative control over the UCR (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Knight et al., 2010; Marcos & Redondo, 1999). Others have suggested that conscious expectations modify UCR expression (Dunsmoor et al., 2008; Knight et al., 2010; Rust, 1976). For example, greater UCR diminution has been observed when ...
... discriminative control over the UCR (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Knight et al., 2010; Marcos & Redondo, 1999). Others have suggested that conscious expectations modify UCR expression (Dunsmoor et al., 2008; Knight et al., 2010; Rust, 1976). For example, greater UCR diminution has been observed when ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... dopaminergic neurons. This pigmentation is due to the presence of neuromelanin, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of dopamine, giving the SN its distinct dark color (Double et al., 2000; Zecca et al., 2008). Within this mesodiencephalic dopaminergic complex, the VTA is located medial to the SN, ...
... dopaminergic neurons. This pigmentation is due to the presence of neuromelanin, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of dopamine, giving the SN its distinct dark color (Double et al., 2000; Zecca et al., 2008). Within this mesodiencephalic dopaminergic complex, the VTA is located medial to the SN, ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... actioneoutcome learning (The ‘outcome’ is the reward or punisher that is or is not obtained when the action is performed.). The ACC contains representations of reward and punisher value, and thus of outcome, which are essential for learning associations between actions and the outcomes that follow a ...
... actioneoutcome learning (The ‘outcome’ is the reward or punisher that is or is not obtained when the action is performed.). The ACC contains representations of reward and punisher value, and thus of outcome, which are essential for learning associations between actions and the outcomes that follow a ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... eight animals with acceptable lesions to both CeA and VTA for ipsilateral and contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA, respectively. Five animals intended for either ipsilateral or contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA had no lesions to the CeA but did have acceptable lesions to the VTA, so these animal ...
... eight animals with acceptable lesions to both CeA and VTA for ipsilateral and contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA, respectively. Five animals intended for either ipsilateral or contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA had no lesions to the CeA but did have acceptable lesions to the VTA, so these animal ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... and akinetic mutism (reviewed in Paus 2001). However, in the 1990s, with new neuroimaging methods, the dACC became increasingly associated with cognitive functions. In parallel, other lines of research, including neuroanatomical, consistently highlighted links between the dACC and motor function. Th ...
... and akinetic mutism (reviewed in Paus 2001). However, in the 1990s, with new neuroimaging methods, the dACC became increasingly associated with cognitive functions. In parallel, other lines of research, including neuroanatomical, consistently highlighted links between the dACC and motor function. Th ...
Full-Text PDF
... it appears that modification and proliferation are predominantly mediated via PAR-1 activation. Thrombin changes the cell morphology of astrocytes, fetal neurons and neuroblastoma cells, where it causes neurite retraction and reverse stellation [41–43]. At times, thrombin induced shape changes invol ...
... it appears that modification and proliferation are predominantly mediated via PAR-1 activation. Thrombin changes the cell morphology of astrocytes, fetal neurons and neuroblastoma cells, where it causes neurite retraction and reverse stellation [41–43]. At times, thrombin induced shape changes invol ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... of potential pacemakers by use of molecular criteria. Based upon these phylogenetic considerations, some clock genes as well as the neuropeptide PDH, which is a known clock output in insects, have recently been analysed in crayfish and lobsters (see 4.3.). In insects and mammals, the circadian pacem ...
... of potential pacemakers by use of molecular criteria. Based upon these phylogenetic considerations, some clock genes as well as the neuropeptide PDH, which is a known clock output in insects, have recently been analysed in crayfish and lobsters (see 4.3.). In insects and mammals, the circadian pacem ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... neuropils remain unresolved. Acknowledging that names based on relative positions within the brain may be useful in some cases, alternative position-based synonyms are also provided (see Section VII-1, p. 59). - In all cases where a name has been changed, we track all previous names and alternatives ...
... neuropils remain unresolved. Acknowledging that names based on relative positions within the brain may be useful in some cases, alternative position-based synonyms are also provided (see Section VII-1, p. 59). - In all cases where a name has been changed, we track all previous names and alternatives ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... fMRI have time resolution between seconds and minutes. EEG measures the brain's electrical activity directly, while other methods record changes in blood flow (e.g., SPECT, fMRI) or metabolic activity (e.g., PET), which are indirect markers of brain electrical activity. EEG can be used simultaneousl ...
... fMRI have time resolution between seconds and minutes. EEG measures the brain's electrical activity directly, while other methods record changes in blood flow (e.g., SPECT, fMRI) or metabolic activity (e.g., PET), which are indirect markers of brain electrical activity. EEG can be used simultaneousl ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... Lennart Heimer is the principal author of Chapters 1–3. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a brief description of the origin and evolution of the concept of the limbic system and some deficiencies attributed to it as a basis for understanding behavior and human neuropsychiatric disorders. Chapter 3 describes ...
... Lennart Heimer is the principal author of Chapters 1–3. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a brief description of the origin and evolution of the concept of the limbic system and some deficiencies attributed to it as a basis for understanding behavior and human neuropsychiatric disorders. Chapter 3 describes ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
... The materials were physically acquired in June of 2010 and are cared for by members of the staff of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, then a component of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on the grounds of Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington, DC. They were accessioned into ...
... The materials were physically acquired in June of 2010 and are cared for by members of the staff of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, then a component of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on the grounds of Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington, DC. They were accessioned into ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
... The materials were physically acquired in June of 2010 and are cared for by members of the staff of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, then a component of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on the grounds of Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington, DC. They were accessioned into ...
... The materials were physically acquired in June of 2010 and are cared for by members of the staff of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, then a component of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on the grounds of Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington, DC. They were accessioned into ...
Corpus Callosum
... corpus callosum radiology reference article - the corpus callosum cc is the largest of the commissural fibres linking the cerebral cortex of the left and right cerebral hemisphere it is the largest fibre, agenesis of corpus callosum webmd - important it is possible that the main title of the report ...
... corpus callosum radiology reference article - the corpus callosum cc is the largest of the commissural fibres linking the cerebral cortex of the left and right cerebral hemisphere it is the largest fibre, agenesis of corpus callosum webmd - important it is possible that the main title of the report ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... the semantics of the internal and external states and state changes that they report. A single implementational mechanism (such as changing the gain of a particular set of neurons) can have quite different functional roles. It may nevertheless be possible to identify particular dynamical behaviors w ...
... the semantics of the internal and external states and state changes that they report. A single implementational mechanism (such as changing the gain of a particular set of neurons) can have quite different functional roles. It may nevertheless be possible to identify particular dynamical behaviors w ...