Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... directly related to the vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. This Thesis has been devoted to explore the impact of overexpression of the cluster in reward and learning and memory processes and the differential effects of nicotine in genetically susceptible individuals. The first question to ...
... directly related to the vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. This Thesis has been devoted to explore the impact of overexpression of the cluster in reward and learning and memory processes and the differential effects of nicotine in genetically susceptible individuals. The first question to ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... for the analysis of the CNS in the rat [6]. Emotional stress and physical stress activate the peripheral and central autonomic nervous system. These activated neurons can be detected by monitoring the expression of immediate early genes such as c-Fos [7]. Immobilization stress (IMO) in the rat is an ...
... for the analysis of the CNS in the rat [6]. Emotional stress and physical stress activate the peripheral and central autonomic nervous system. These activated neurons can be detected by monitoring the expression of immediate early genes such as c-Fos [7]. Immobilization stress (IMO) in the rat is an ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... Thus the classical concept is changed; there are two main input structures of the basal ganglia: striatum and STN. Several anatomical and electrophysiological studies have been performed on the monosynaptic cortico-subthalamic (‘hyperdirect’) pathway, but its functional role within the cortico-basal ...
... Thus the classical concept is changed; there are two main input structures of the basal ganglia: striatum and STN. Several anatomical and electrophysiological studies have been performed on the monosynaptic cortico-subthalamic (‘hyperdirect’) pathway, but its functional role within the cortico-basal ...
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
... study of 5326 youth found mood lability in 38% of children with ADHD, a ten-fold increase over population rates (51). Elevated rates were found in non-comorbid ADHD children and equaled the rates seen in children with non-comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Research on the Child Behavior Checkli ...
... study of 5326 youth found mood lability in 38% of children with ADHD, a ten-fold increase over population rates (51). Elevated rates were found in non-comorbid ADHD children and equaled the rates seen in children with non-comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Research on the Child Behavior Checkli ...
ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ داوری ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﮕﺮه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻋﺼﺎب ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﺑﺎ
... The exercise effect on excitability and paired-pulse inhibition response at dentate gyrus of hippocampus in chronic stress rats The Role of protein phosphatase ١ in the spatial learning and memory improvement induced by salicylate in rats Orexin-٢ receptors in hippocampal CA١ area are involved in ex ...
... The exercise effect on excitability and paired-pulse inhibition response at dentate gyrus of hippocampus in chronic stress rats The Role of protein phosphatase ١ in the spatial learning and memory improvement induced by salicylate in rats Orexin-٢ receptors in hippocampal CA١ area are involved in ex ...
The Olfactory System - Tim J. van Hartevelt
... vivid memories, as noted for example by Proust in his novel À la recherche du temps perdu. Taken together, the weight of the evidence shows that olfaction is a very important sensory system in humans which needs to be fully functioning to support not only our survival but very much our sense of wel ...
... vivid memories, as noted for example by Proust in his novel À la recherche du temps perdu. Taken together, the weight of the evidence shows that olfaction is a very important sensory system in humans which needs to be fully functioning to support not only our survival but very much our sense of wel ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
... Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... basal firing rates that are generally slower than dorsal pallidal but faster than striatal projection neurons), are recognized to distinguish ventral pallidum from other surrounding structures [1–16]. Notions of the ventral pallidum as a striatal output for movement, comparable to globus pallidus, co ...
... basal firing rates that are generally slower than dorsal pallidal but faster than striatal projection neurons), are recognized to distinguish ventral pallidum from other surrounding structures [1–16]. Notions of the ventral pallidum as a striatal output for movement, comparable to globus pallidus, co ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... rostrally and medially from the septum and caudally to the amygdala, largely in an area that was named the substantia innominata more than two centuries ago (Reil, 1809). This latter term, however, lost its significance in light of tracer and histochemical studies in the early 1980s that indicated t ...
... rostrally and medially from the septum and caudally to the amygdala, largely in an area that was named the substantia innominata more than two centuries ago (Reil, 1809). This latter term, however, lost its significance in light of tracer and histochemical studies in the early 1980s that indicated t ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... and quantitative measurements. Cerebral regions, i.e., the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, amygdalae, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebral white matter (including corpus callosum, internal capsule, external capsule anterior commissure, and fornix), were semiautomatically segmented on CT image ...
... and quantitative measurements. Cerebral regions, i.e., the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, amygdalae, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebral white matter (including corpus callosum, internal capsule, external capsule anterior commissure, and fornix), were semiautomatically segmented on CT image ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial enough to serve as a replacement for the US which not only results in resistance to ex ...
... impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial enough to serve as a replacement for the US which not only results in resistance to ex ...
Usunoff K, Schmitt O, Dimitar I,Haas S
... from the atlas of Paxinos and Franklin [2001]. Based on the bregma, the coordinates for the Me were anteroposterior (AP) –1.5, lateral (L) 1.8 and ventral (V) –5.2 and for the MGP they were AP –1.3, L 1.8 and V –4.5. The BDA solution was freshly prepared each day of injection. The tracer was inject ...
... from the atlas of Paxinos and Franklin [2001]. Based on the bregma, the coordinates for the Me were anteroposterior (AP) –1.5, lateral (L) 1.8 and ventral (V) –5.2 and for the MGP they were AP –1.3, L 1.8 and V –4.5. The BDA solution was freshly prepared each day of injection. The tracer was inject ...
Reward loss and addiction: Opportunities for cross
... approaches to the psychobiology of substance use disorders. We propose here that bringing these two areas into contact will help expanding our understanding of both reward loss and addictive behavior, hence opening up opportunities for cross-pollination. This review focuses on two lines of research ...
... approaches to the psychobiology of substance use disorders. We propose here that bringing these two areas into contact will help expanding our understanding of both reward loss and addictive behavior, hence opening up opportunities for cross-pollination. This review focuses on two lines of research ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... than the house light (F1,25 = 8.06, P < 0.01) but there was no significant effect of lesion, nor did lesion interact with stimulus (all F < 1). Figure 2 shows the acquisition of conditioned ORs and food-cup responses during discrimination training. The primary measures of learning were the display of ...
... than the house light (F1,25 = 8.06, P < 0.01) but there was no significant effect of lesion, nor did lesion interact with stimulus (all F < 1). Figure 2 shows the acquisition of conditioned ORs and food-cup responses during discrimination training. The primary measures of learning were the display of ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... Hippocampal theta rhythm (HPC) may be important for various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas onl ...
... Hippocampal theta rhythm (HPC) may be important for various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas onl ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... injection of an AMPA receptor antagonist blunts anxiety responses (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
... injection of an AMPA receptor antagonist blunts anxiety responses (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight
... Serendipitously, during the expansion of the AAC colony, we encountered a male pup with a genotype indicative of a homozygous total knock-out of GSK3α: only recombined GSK3α alleles were detected by PCR but not the Cre-recombinase transgene. Offspring of this male founder, sired with female wild-typ ...
... Serendipitously, during the expansion of the AAC colony, we encountered a male pup with a genotype indicative of a homozygous total knock-out of GSK3α: only recombined GSK3α alleles were detected by PCR but not the Cre-recombinase transgene. Offspring of this male founder, sired with female wild-typ ...
Limbic system
The limbic system (or paleomammalian brain) is a complex set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system but a collection of structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, fornix, columns of fornix, mammillary body, septum pellucidum, habenular commissure, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas.The limbic system supports a variety of functions including epinephrine flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories.Although the term only originated in the 1940s, some neuroscientists, including Joseph LeDoux, have suggested that the concept of a functionally unified limbic system should be abandoned as obsolete because it is grounded mainly in historical concepts of brain anatomy that are no longer accepted as accurate.