* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Nervous System Notes
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Neuromuscular junction wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Multielectrode array wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Node of Ranvier wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Evoked potential wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Pre-Bötzinger complex wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical synapse wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
th 9 Biology The Nervous System Structure of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System: CNS – Brain and Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System: PNS – Everything else: peripheral nerves from the spinal cord to the limbs Neurons • Neurons are specialized cells that help you gather information and react to it. 3 Kinds of Neurons: • 1. Sensory neurons- involuntary – Send impulses from receptors in skin and sense organs to brain and spinal cord 2. Interneurons- involuntary carry impulse to motor neurons, which results in a response. 3. Motor neurons- voluntary respond to stimulus; skeletal muscle Neurons Reflex Arc Nerve Impulse: Action Potential • Electrical charge, traveling the length of the neuron. • Causes a message to be sent to other neurons to elicit a response • Neuron at rest: Resting potential Action Potential • Na+ rushes into cell, changes charge from negative to positive. Causes neurotransmitters(chemicals) to be released at the terminal, to stimulate the next neuron in the chain. Action Potential: – One way only – Myelin- insulation on axon that helps signal’s rapid response • Multiple Sclerosis- disease where part of myelin sheath is worn away- nerve conduction no longer works properly Synapse • Space between axon terminal of one neuron and dendrites of another. • Neurotransmitters in vesicles released in cleft either cause the cell to fire (excitatory) or not fire (inhibitory). ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • 1. Central nervous system: CNS – Brain and spinal cord – Relays messages, processes information, analyzes responses – The brain: • • • • 100 billion neurons Cerebrum- Cognitive function Cerebellum- balance, movement Medulla oblongata- breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure • Pons- breathing rate ORGANIZATION, cont. • 2. Peripheral nervous system: PNS – Everything outside the brain and spinal cord – A. Somatic nervous system: • Relays info to motor neurons • All voluntary except reflexes ORGANIZATION, cont. • B. Autonomic nervous system – Carries impulses from CNS to heart and other organs. – Fight or flight – Business as usual • Sympathetic branch- Active in times of emergency • Parasympathetic branch- Active when body is at rest