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Ch. 35.3 Neurons join together to form a complex network; NERVOUS SYSTEM 2 major sections • Central nervous system (CNS) • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) CNS is the CONTROL CENTER of the body (think of a MOTHERBOARD of a computer) CNS relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information PNS relays information from environment to the CNS Consists of the brain and spinal cord Skull and vertebrae protect brain and spinal cord • Wrapped in MENINGES connective tissue • CEREBROSPINAL FLUID is in between the layers Acts as a shock absorber and protects the CNS Contains ~ 1 billion neurons Main ‘switch’ in the CNS CEREBRUM: largest part of the brain • Controls voluntary activities of the body • Intelligence, learning, and judgment Broken into 2 hemispheres (connected by the corpus callosum) Each half of the brain controls the opposite half Some studies state that the right side is creativity, left side is more analytic Outer surface is cerebral cortex (gray matter) White matter is the inner surface Located in the back of the skull Coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles Connects the brain and the spinal cord • Pons and medulla oblongata Acts as a switchboard of information for the brain and rest of the body • Blood pressure • Heart rate • Breathing • swallowing Found between the brain stem and cerebrum Thalamus receives messages from the sense organs Hypothalamus controls recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temp Main communications link between brain and the body Reflexes are processed by spinal cord • Quick, automatic response to a stimulus • Allows body to respond to danger immediately SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: regulates activities that are CONSCIOUS CONTROL • MOVEMENT (motor neurons) Regulates involuntary body functions • Not under conscious control Heartbeat Contraction of smooth muscle Broken into SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHIC nervous systems • Work as opposites of each other (one makes something ‘go,’ the other makes it ‘stop’)