Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... from the currents within a single dendritic spine to the relatively gross
potentials that the EEG records from the scalp, much the same way that
economics can be studied from the level of a single individual's
personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or
nerve cells, are electric ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
... The National Museum of Health and Medicine has an interest in
providing appropriate curation for such materials and related items
in order to achieve that potential.
For the first time, the photographs that have recently come to
light permit detailed identifications of sulci and other features of
th ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
... The National Museum of Health and Medicine has an interest in
providing appropriate curation for such materials and related items
in order to achieve that potential.
For the first time, the photographs that have recently come to
light permit detailed identifications of sulci and other features of
th ...
1
... characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Converging
data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits.
Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and
suggest an important role of the cerebellum. Ho ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize structural abnormalities of the cerebrum in a growth-retarded
mouse (grt/grt) with a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 gene defect. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images
were obtained from fixed brains of male homogenous grt/gr ...
Document
... S staining. We observed a clearance of BIN1 within the area of neurofibrillary tangles stained by Thioflavin S (Figure
E). A number of Iba-1 positive microglia were found near the tangles but they were negative for BIN1 immunostaining.
These results from immunofluorescence labeling are in agreement ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... which vary among areas and give each area its unique architectonic signature.
Architectonic differences can be seen in Nissl-stained sections, which show all
neurons, or in tissue stained for markers that label distinct groups of pyramidal
neurons or inhibitory interneurons (e.g., Ref. 3). The finge ...
... meet criteria for the disorder during their teenage years.
Volumetric studies in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) have consistently found global reductions of total brain volume with frontalstriatal regions, cerebellum and parieto-temporal regions particularly affected r ...
... studies have shown that addiction alters the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic circuitry
of self-control and incentive salience to subserve the transition from voluntary drug use
to habitual, compulsive drug abuse. Some have analysed if cocaine alterations are
associated with consumption patterns, effe ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it
perhaps might be easy, in some instances at least, to
pick u p the subtle differences that must distinguish
these cerebellar cases from the normal. It is tempting,
for example, to believe . . . that there is some subtle
influence exerted on t ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... activity with MRI scans to better pinpoint the location of the activity
within the brain, so the biomedical developers use patient's MRI images
and EEG signals within a software program that determine the brain
activity accurately, this program will confirm the neurosurgeons
diagnosis.
This book pro ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both
Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin, E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950:
Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... et al., 1981; Travis, et al., 2002) ; (2) rises to high levels in the first minute of TM practice and
continues at these high levels throughout the practice (Travis, et al., 1999); and (3) is higher
during eyes-open tasks in subjects with more years TM practice (Levine, 1976; Travis, et al.,
2002). ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based view, using multivariate pattern analyses to ‘decode’ affective and emotional experiences [14–18] and related affective psychopathology [19–21]. For example, in an innovative recent study, Kassam and colleagues [14] identified
patterns of fMRI act ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... drugs. Though the acquisition and analysis methods are
still evolving, new disease insights are emerging in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The default
mode network is affected in Alzheimer disease and various other diseases of cognitive impairment. Alterations
in RSNs have been i ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... tractography. The SFGam was anatomically connected with the anterior and mid-cingulate cortices, which are
critical nodes of the cognitive control network and the default mode network (DMN). The SFGdl was connected
with the middle and inferior frontal gyri, which are involved in the cognitive execut ...
Paper
... the white matter of the parietal operculum overlying the lateral
sulcus, as shown in Figure 1. This is not observed in marmosets,
but is present in macaques (Baizer, 2014) and humans, though
the functional significance and cortical connectivity of this region
remain poorly characterized.
Definition ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... well to early somatosensory cortex (Jamali and Ross,
2012). It consists of phase locking at the stimulus frequency, along with additional components of the response
that manifest as phase locking at integer multiples of the
stimulus frequency generated locally in the cortex (Langdon
et al., 2011). T ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... humans holds a privileged position within the nervous system
with regard to thought and reason. This view stems, in part,
from the classic neurological literature which has provided
evidence that the frontal cortex, and its anterior (prefrontal)
component, in particular, has a role in cognitive proc ...
[PDF]
... regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline.
Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential
sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spurious [11,12]. Two decades later, there is
compelling evidence that nearly every cognitive task
involves the ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the
rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL
distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004).
These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that
activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the
orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two
different odours (citral and vale ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... anterior rhinal (sRha) sulci. This aggregation of labeled cell was continued more caudally around the sylvian sulcus (sS). But in the depth of
sylvian sulcus, as well as on the surface of the anterior part of sylvian
gyrus (S), the cells were most densely packed. The cortical region situated close t ...
Neuroscience and intelligence
Neuroscience and intelligence refers to the various neurological factors that are partly responsible for the variation of intelligence within a species or between different species. A large amount of research in this area has been focused on the neural basis of human intelligence. Historic approaches to study the neuroscience of intelligence consisted of correlating external head parameters, for example head circumference, to intelligence. Post-mortem measures of brain weight and brain volume have also been used. More recent methodologies focus on examining correlates of intelligence within the living brain using techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron emission tomography and other non-invasive measures of brain structure and activity.Researchers have been able to identify correlates of intelligence within the Brain and its functioning. These include overall brain volume, grey matter volume, white matter volume, white matter integrity, cortical thickness and Neural Efficiency. Although the evidence base for our understanding of the neural basis of human intelligence has increased greatly over the past 30 years, even more research is needed to fully understand it.The neural basis of intelligence has also been examined in animals such as primates, cetaceans and rodents.