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Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and

... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
exuberance in the development of cortical

... Figure 2 | Transient structures present during thalamocortical development. a | Embryonic anterior neural tube. A section through the dashed line is shown in panel b. b | The left side of the embryonic brain showing projections from the developing cortex, including from the subplate and the ventral ...
Dynamic relationships between age, beta
Dynamic relationships between age, beta

... vulnerability to amyloid-b deposition, we defined the highest and lowest metabolic regions in young adults and examined differences in amyloid deposition between these regions across groups. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to assess regional differences in age and amyloid-b-related change ...
US Copyright Law
US Copyright Law

... on the brain's lateral surface; most brains have a Sylvian fissure that projects posteriorly to end in an area surrounded by the supramarginal gyrus. The second unusual feature resulted from this anatomy: Einstein's inferior parietal lobe was actually larger, and indeed thicker (15%) in lateral to m ...
The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI
The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI

... attention are continuously distributed across the hemispheres, with a preponderance of one hemisphere in most individuals. The relative contribution of the hemispheres during a task is expressed by a lateralization index (LI), describing both hemispheric dominance (i.e., left, right or bilateral) an ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism

... activity level because these methods operate over pairs of voxels or larger regions of interest. The problem of searching systematically through all possible combinations of voxels/regions of interest, along with the accompanying problem of adjusting the statistics for multiple comparisons, renders ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?

... and, of course, humans. Where elephants do appear to excel is in long-term, extensive spatial-temporal and social memory. Elephants also appear to be unusual among non-human animals in exhibiting behaviors that could potentially be related to ‘‘theory-of-mind’’ phenomena, particularly with regard to ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College

... • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type would be lost ...
What is Nervous System Fatigue and How do I Prevent it
What is Nervous System Fatigue and How do I Prevent it

... Central nervous system (CNS) fatigue is neural fatigue originating in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, or spinal nerves. The exact mechanism for CNS fatigue remains largely unknown but it appears that acute CNS fatigue may occur as a result of decreased reflex sensitivity and / or less than optim ...
Collapsing Distinctions: Interacting within Fields of Intelligence on
Collapsing Distinctions: Interacting within Fields of Intelligence on

... experimental musical composition and some of the primary problems in interstellar communication Deeply and thoroughly contemplating the import of communicating with forms of intelligence other than that we believe we know, and about which all our presumptions could be arbitrary, sends us immediately ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying

... performed on a regular cubic grid at 5 mm resolution, producing a total of 6392 cortical grey matter voxels. sLORETA provides an estimation of the solution of the inverse problem by taking into account the well-known effects of the head as a volume conductor. Conventional LORETA and modern sLORETA a ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley

... McEwen, 1992). These results suggest that hormonal changes might be responsible for the seasonal variations of sex differences in spatial learning by producing morphological changes in the hippocampal complex, a brain structure critically involved in spatial learning. A correlation between spatial l ...
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism

... studies have indicated that adult-onset hypothyroidism leads to impaired memory, anxiety and depression associated with alterations in hippocampal and amygdalar neuronal plasticity (Alzoubi et al., 2009; Montero-Pedrazuela et al., 2006, 2011). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invas ...
Can the Psycho-Emotional State be Optimized by Regular Use of
Can the Psycho-Emotional State be Optimized by Regular Use of

... The guided imagery training is considered as an effective method and therefore widely used in modern cognitive psychotherapy, while less is known about the effectiveness of self-guided. The present study investigated the effects of regular use of self-guided positive imagery, applying both subjectiv ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways

... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
brain –computer interface - Nexus Academic Publishers
brain –computer interface - Nexus Academic Publishers

... understanding of the human brain, we move ever closer to making some pretty spectacular science fiction into reality. Imagine transmitting signals directly to someone's brain that would allow them to see, hear or feel specific sensory inputs. Consider the potential to manipulate computers or machine ...
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial

... to automatic segmentation. By providing an accurate, intuitive, and convenient guide for understanding the MTL anatomy, this protocol will help researchers identify the location of all MTL subregions, relative to their neighboring structures, even when only some MTL structures are specifically targe ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human

... Ever since Broca's century-old discovery of cerebral asymmetries in language functions, there has been speculation about the developmental emergence of human perceptual-cognitive asymmetries. The basic question has been: Do the asymmetries first appear only at some point after birth, starting from a ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord

... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 21, 2009 ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord

... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 27, 2010 ...
Convergent grey and white matter evidence of
Convergent grey and white matter evidence of

... et al., 1998), but the differentiation from other dementias remains difficult with standard neuropsychological and imaging tools (Gregory et al., 1997; Torralva et al., 2009). This is particularly true for the behavioural subtype of FTD (behavioural variant FTD), in which patients present with chang ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria

... NATIONAL RESEARH UNIVERSITY «HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS» EXAM PROGRAM IN «19.00.02 – «PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY» ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria

... NATIONAL RESEARH UNIVERSITY «HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS» EXAM PROGRAM IN «19.00.02 – «PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY» ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two

... assumption is justified below by using the concept of potential synapse. The minimal volume of the all-to-all connected network is calculated in terms of the number of neurons, N, and the wire diameter, d. The network volume depends on the chosen wiring design. I start with the simplest possible wir ...
Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology

... tiny receptor sites on the cell membrane are sensitive to neurotransmitters. The sites are found in large numbers on neuron cell bodies and dendrites. Muscles and glands have receptor sites, too. Do neurotransmitters always trigger an action potential in the next neuron? No, but they do change the l ...
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Neuroscience and intelligence

Neuroscience and intelligence refers to the various neurological factors that are partly responsible for the variation of intelligence within a species or between different species. A large amount of research in this area has been focused on the neural basis of human intelligence. Historic approaches to study the neuroscience of intelligence consisted of correlating external head parameters, for example head circumference, to intelligence. Post-mortem measures of brain weight and brain volume have also been used. More recent methodologies focus on examining correlates of intelligence within the living brain using techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron emission tomography and other non-invasive measures of brain structure and activity.Researchers have been able to identify correlates of intelligence within the Brain and its functioning. These include overall brain volume, grey matter volume, white matter volume, white matter integrity, cortical thickness and Neural Efficiency. Although the evidence base for our understanding of the neural basis of human intelligence has increased greatly over the past 30 years, even more research is needed to fully understand it.The neural basis of intelligence has also been examined in animals such as primates, cetaceans and rodents.
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