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The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review

... This article will attempt to clarify what is known about the neural bases of human decision making and what is not. First, the literature on decision making in patients with frontal lobe damage will be reviewed. In the past several years, this work has had an important impact on the study of both no ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C

... to ask is not ‘what activates parietal cortex?’, but rather ‘what does not activate parietal cortex?’. For example, in the case of visual attention, it is enlightening to find not only that multiple forms of attention activate equivalent regions but also that a challenging language task does not, in ...
- Philsci
- Philsci

... formulation of a neural representation of the new actuator. Other interesting results obtained in this study concern the relationship between neural activity and motor behaviour. First, as pointed out before, at the end of the “pole control” phase a good brain decoder has been obtained, demonstratin ...
Fichamento do artigo: PANGARO, Paul. Cybernetics, A Definition
Fichamento do artigo: PANGARO, Paul. Cybernetics, A Definition

... contribution to these fields. We must continue to wait to see if cybernetics leads to breakthroughs in the construction of intelligent artifacts of the complexity of a nervous system, or a brain. Cybernetics Today The term "cybernetics" has been widely misunderstood, perhaps for two broad reasons. F ...
Physiology of functional and effective networks in epilepsy
Physiology of functional and effective networks in epilepsy

... perturbation experiments. It is important to note that to infer causality, knowledge about the underlying network being perturbed is needed in addition to time-series data. This is discussed more below when we elaborate on effective connectivity. In the following, we will summarize and review the wo ...
The Nervous System Introduction Organization of Neural Tissue
The Nervous System Introduction Organization of Neural Tissue

... and from the prefrontal cortex – Some patients died on the table or later committed suicide – Some were severely brain damaged or developed seizures – Some patients saw improvement of symptoms, but not without impairments to personality, intellect, and empathy ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on

... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain

... (Goldberg and Costa, 1981). If this were to be the case, the functional implications of such cortical space allocation differences could be intriguing and would merit further examination. However, this assertion was based on old findings and was limited to cortical convexity; therefore its validity ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... In contrast, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be obtained preoperatively and is completely noninvasive (2– 4). Together with the high sensitivity of MRI for the visualization of brain lesions, fMRI can establish the relationship between the margin of the lesion and the functionally v ...
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation

... the same brain region between subjects is compromised. Prior spatial information is required to overcome the partial volume problem. This information can be provided by fMRI if the brain activations measured by fMRI and DOI are correlated in space and time. Again, NIRS has demonstrated the promise a ...
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations

... Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany With the aim of understanding how different mental or intentional states are processed in the brain, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined the brain correlates during the ascription of belief intention ...
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of

... It has been suggested (Phan et al., 2002) that the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, together with their extensive connections to subcortical limbic structures, may represent an interaction zone between affect and cognition. ...
A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical
A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical

... of synaptic time constants to mimic the variety of rhythms encountered in vivo during motor and cognitive tasks. Finally, we studied the effect of the long range connections between two neural regions (see Figure 5). The simulations show that, using identical connection strengths (second and third li ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... the rest of the body alone. Others, as in Hawking’s case, weaken or deform the body but leave the parts of the brain involved in thought and creativity alone. The brain’s effects on our minds and bodies remind us that the 3-pound organ inside our skulls provides the bedrock for everything we do and ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis

... Boston, MA, USA; 3Veterinary Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland ...
Digital Aristotle
Digital Aristotle

... A given organism has the anatomy/behavior that is typical/normal for its species, e.g., a bat has 2 wings and flies. [bio AP] Price info for an airplane ticket on Alaska Air’s website is accurate and up to date. [e-shopping] Practical reasoning almost always involves a potential for exceptions – Hyp ...
I-02-04-LaDuke-Knowledge 65-74 (18 Feb 08) SP FINAL
I-02-04-LaDuke-Knowledge 65-74 (18 Feb 08) SP FINAL

... applied to create things within industry. Industry is the science of making things. It is important to differentiate between working knowledge and applying knowledge. Intelligence can exist without ever being applied, but intelligence is a requirement for any application to occur. Knowledge Interact ...
Use of T2-weighted susceptibility contrast MRI for mapping the
Use of T2-weighted susceptibility contrast MRI for mapping the

... bearing a glioma during MRI experiment. The body temperature of the rats was kept constant throughout the experiment by using a water-circulated heating blanket. The NMR probe consisted of a nonmagnetic stereotactic head holder and an elliptic surface coil (with semi-major and semi-minor axis 50 and ...
Avian brains and a new understanding of
Avian brains and a new understanding of

... neostriatum and the avian palaeostriatum augmentatum (including the LPO) participate not only in instinctive behaviour and movement, but also in motor learning 26,27. These apparent relationships between the subpallia of mammals and birds have been supported by molecular embryology studies24,28–31. ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large

... an aberrant pruning process that involves an excess elimination of synaptic contacts. Subsequent support for this hypothesis came from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that examined the developmental trajectory of gray matter volume changes during normal adolescence and in patients with chil ...
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light

... segmented the brain into 11 regions (Fig. 3a) and derived average fluorescence time series across each of these regions (Fig. 3b). Average activity in most brain areas was characterized by large, temporally sparse increases in fluorescence. In many cases, these discharges occurred synchronously acro ...
Messages from the Brain Connectivity Regarding Neural Correlates
Messages from the Brain Connectivity Regarding Neural Correlates

... There is a general consensus that functional segregation is a multiscale phenomenon, ranging from specialized neurons to neuronal populations and cortical areas [17]. On the other hand, most complex cognitive processes require the functional integration of widely distributed brain areas for coherent ...
view pdf - Columbia University
view pdf - Columbia University

... Cannot be measured. Bregma estimated. ...
brain computer interaction elg5121 (multimedia communication)
brain computer interaction elg5121 (multimedia communication)

... Although the waves are still detectable, it is hard to determine the area of the brain or the neuron that created the signal Examples: ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex

... columnar modules with the same number of neurons underneath a unit area of cortical surface. This view is based on the work of Rockel et al. [Rockel AJ, Hiorns RW, Powell TP (1980) The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex. Brain 103:221–244], who found a steady number of approximately 110 ...
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Neuroscience and intelligence

Neuroscience and intelligence refers to the various neurological factors that are partly responsible for the variation of intelligence within a species or between different species. A large amount of research in this area has been focused on the neural basis of human intelligence. Historic approaches to study the neuroscience of intelligence consisted of correlating external head parameters, for example head circumference, to intelligence. Post-mortem measures of brain weight and brain volume have also been used. More recent methodologies focus on examining correlates of intelligence within the living brain using techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron emission tomography and other non-invasive measures of brain structure and activity.Researchers have been able to identify correlates of intelligence within the Brain and its functioning. These include overall brain volume, grey matter volume, white matter volume, white matter integrity, cortical thickness and Neural Efficiency. Although the evidence base for our understanding of the neural basis of human intelligence has increased greatly over the past 30 years, even more research is needed to fully understand it.The neural basis of intelligence has also been examined in animals such as primates, cetaceans and rodents.
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