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Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1

... in mammalian brain evolution turn out to result from the influence of underlying developmental homologies. Confusions about evolutionary advancement, increasing architectonic differentiation, and the evolution of new brain structures result from a failure to appreciate how increasing brain size can ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com

... 1. A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell. This is the action potential. 2. Neurons fire in an al ...
Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10
Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10

... wide, its cells have a homogeneous distribution, and a slight size gradient is evident as one approaches layer IV. The pyramids are darkly stained. Layer IV is clearly evident, but thin, and includes small cells with medium staining. Its borders with layers III and V are easily seen. Layer Va includ ...
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in

... such methods, the results are subject to criticism because the distribution of damage is not reliably reproducible in any of the currently known cerebral stroke models. Since the brain is so complex morphologically and neurotransmitter concentrations differ substantially from region to region, compa ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on

... In contrast to M1, S1, and Cb, the effect of upper extremity movement rate is less robust in the premotor and supplemental motor areas (PMA and SMA). Instead, these structures may be sensitive to changes in task complexity. At least two studies have shown no change in activity in the PMA and SMA wit ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES

... Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia ...
Sample
Sample

... neurotransmitter dopamine. b) major depression Incorrect. L-Dopa would have no clinical application for major depressive disorder. c) Alzheimer’s disease d) generalized anxiety disorder ANS: A, p. 49, A, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 42. Which of the following is the most accurate ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience

... create a mask of the ROI (automatically or manually), in order to generate a connectivity distribution from the specified region of interest. Probabilistic tractography is performed from every voxel with a value greater than 0 in this mask. The output file is a single image in the space of the speci ...
PubMed Central CANADA
PubMed Central CANADA

... comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults during tasks and rest, and utilized a multivariate method to assess task-related changes as well as functional connectivity. An overlapping set of regions showed increased activity for judgment ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain

... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Journal of Adolescent Health

... history of trauma exposure, compared with 24-age- and gendermatched healthy youth, we found that children with PTSS showed attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes compared with healthy control subjects. Specifically, children in the control group showed sign ...
skull - lms.manhattan.edu
skull - lms.manhattan.edu

... vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. It is also attached to the occipital bone. ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex

... Human cerebral cortex consists of approximately 1010 neurons that are organized into a complex network of local circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysi ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex

... Human cerebral cortex consists of approximately 1010 neurons that are organized into a complex network of local circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysi ...
Neuron
Neuron

... 2001) and lateral intraparietal areas in macaques (Andersen et al., 1997; Colby and Goldberg, 1999), but functional correspondences among them also remain elusive. These diversities emphasize the importance of direct comparison of the functional architecture of the frontal and parietal eye fields be ...
The Neuroscientist
The Neuroscientist

... Esposito and others 2003) and pattern recognition analysis (Laconte and others 2007; Laconte 2010; Sitaram and others 2010; Sorger and others 2010). Two main approaches have been proposed for univariate methods: sliding window (Gembris and others 2000) and incremental analysis (Cox and others 1995). ...
uncorrected page page page proofs
uncorrected page page page proofs

... the structure of the brain, such as which part controlled a specific function. Relatively little was known about the actual function of the brain, such as how and when different brain structures and areas ‘work’, their relationships to other brain structures and areas, and nerve pathways linking the ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
Frontal lobe and cognitive development

... with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the prefrontalstriatal connections are involved in the coordination of motor behavior. Of special importance for the cognitive aspects of all forms of behavior a ...
cHaPter 3
cHaPter 3

... the structure of the brain, such as which part controlled a specific function. Relatively little was known about the actual function of the brain, such as how and when different brain structures and areas ‘work’, their relationships to other brain structures and areas, and nerve pathways linking the ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
online age page age page proofs proofs

... the structure of the brain, such as which part controlled a specific function. Relatively little was known about the actual function of the brain, such as how and when different brain structures and areas ‘work’, their relationships to other brain structures and areas, and nerve pathways linking the ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in

... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest

... layer (F(4, 49) = 11.70, P b 0.001). Post hoc tests showed that the 2% halothane significantly depressed the activities of layers IV, V, and VI (P's b 0.001) but not of layers I and II/III. The complexity of the layer IV was suppressed to 24.6% compared with the reduction of 7.5% of that in layer I ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
Combining electroencephalographic activity and

... estimation is performed instantaneously. In particular, the linear terms allow for instantaneous time domain and spectral estimation. Recently, using point-process modelling, we reported on how to recognize emotional valence swings (positive or negative), as well as two levels of arousal (low-medium ...
8129402
8129402

... The following explanation o f techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1 .T h e sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or se ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and

... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
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Neuroscience and intelligence

Neuroscience and intelligence refers to the various neurological factors that are partly responsible for the variation of intelligence within a species or between different species. A large amount of research in this area has been focused on the neural basis of human intelligence. Historic approaches to study the neuroscience of intelligence consisted of correlating external head parameters, for example head circumference, to intelligence. Post-mortem measures of brain weight and brain volume have also been used. More recent methodologies focus on examining correlates of intelligence within the living brain using techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron emission tomography and other non-invasive measures of brain structure and activity.Researchers have been able to identify correlates of intelligence within the Brain and its functioning. These include overall brain volume, grey matter volume, white matter volume, white matter integrity, cortical thickness and Neural Efficiency. Although the evidence base for our understanding of the neural basis of human intelligence has increased greatly over the past 30 years, even more research is needed to fully understand it.The neural basis of intelligence has also been examined in animals such as primates, cetaceans and rodents.
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