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Transcript
Introduction to Psychology Class 8: Neuroscience 1 Myers: 38-51 June 22, 2006 Biological Psychology A branch of psychology that concerns itself with the links between biology and behavior. Other terms: Behavioral neuroscientist, neuropsychologist, physiological/biopsychologist, behavioral endocrinologist etc. Origins of brain-mind connection Phrenology (1800) Phineas Gage (1848) bumps on skull could reveal mental abilities Iron rod through skull. Changes in personality 1990’s decade of the brain: fMRI, PET The Neuron Parts Dendrites, Body, Axon Hillock, Axon, Myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, Terminal branches, Terminal Buttons, Synaptic cleft Concepts Action Potential, Type of signals, Threshold stimulus, All-or-None response Action Potential Resting Potential (70mv) Depolarization (50mv threshold) Action potential Repolarization (back to neg charge) Hyperpolarizaton The Synapse Cajal Sherrington NT Reuptake Agonists and antagonists Neurotransmitters Overview NERVOUS SYSTEM 3 types of neurons Types of Neurons SENSORY/AFFERENT From the organ to the spinal cord (and brain) MOTOR/EFFERENT From the spinal cord (and brain) to the organ INTERNEURONS In between Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic) Internal functioning E.g., Heartbeat, digestion, Sympathetic: Fight or flight (adrenalin) Parasympathetic: Resting and digesting (Back to baseline) (acetylcholine) The Spinal Cord The Reflex pathway Pain reflex Quadri/Paraplegia Bilateral and depends on level of lesion in the spinal cord Hemiplegia Unilateral and depends on the location of lesion in brain. Usually caused by stroke. The Brain Evolutionarily evolved Brainstem Limbic System Cortex Brainstem Medulla Basic life functions Reticular Formation Alertness arousal (anesthetics) Cerebellum Cerebellum Fine motor movements Thalamus Atop brainstem Sensory Relay station All 5 senses except for smell Limbic System (all bilateral) Amygdala Hypothalamus Aggression and fear; processing emotional memories Hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual behavior Controls pituitary gland (master gland) which produced hormones Olds and Milner – pleasure centers Hippocampus Memory consolidation (HM, memento)
