Download Biological Bases of Behavior, Barron`s Neuroanatomy, pages 78

Biological Bases of Behavior, Barron’s Neuroanatomy, pages 78 – 82.
1.What are neurons?
2. What part of the neuron grows to make synaptic connections with other neurons?
3. What part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
4. What part of the neuron is the terminal buttons that extend from the cell body?
5. What is the role of the soma?
6. What is the substance that covers the axons and spreads neural impulses?
7. What are the branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters?
8. What is the space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron?
9. What happens to the neuron when it is at rest?
10. Why are neurotransmitters important?
11. What does it take for a neuron to fire?
12. What is the All Or Nothing Principle?
13. What are transmitters?
14. How can the roles of transmitters differ?
15. What is the role of afferent neurons?
16. What is the role of interneurons?
17. What is the role of efferent neurons?
18. What is the Central Nervous System?
19. What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
20. What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System?
21. The Autonomic Nervous System has 2 smaller nervous systems, the sympathetic and
parasympathetic. What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
22. What is the role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Biological Bases of Behavior, Barron’s Neuroanatomy, pages 78 – 82.
1.What are neurons?
Individual nerve cells
Neuron cells make up the entire nervous system
All neurons made up of discrete parts
2. What part of the neuron grows to make synaptic connections with other neurons? - Dendrites
3. What part of the neuron contains the nucleus? - Soma
4. What part of the neuron is the terminal buttons that extend from the cell body? - Axon
5. What is the role of the soma? - nucleus & sustains cell life
6. What is the substance that covers the axons and spreads neural impulses? – Myelin Sheaths
7. What are the branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters? – Terminal Buttons
8. What is the space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of another
neuron? - Synapse
9. What happens to the neuron when it is at rest? – slightly negative charge
10. Why are neurotransmitters important ? - enable neurons to communicate
11. What does it take for a neuron to fire?
- terminal buttons on one neuron are stimulated and release transmitters into the synapse
- neurotransmitters fit reception sites on the dendrites of the next neuron
- next neuron cells membrane becomes permeable and positive ions rush in
- Action Potential – if charge spreads across the neuron
12. What is the All Or Nothing Principle? - Neurons fire completely or not at all. ( If dendrites of a
neuron receive enough neurotransmitters – the neuron will fire completely every time )
13. What are transmitters? - chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel to the synaptic gap between
neurons.
14. How can the roles of transmitters differ? - Excitatory: Incite cells to fire, Inhibitatory: inhibit cells
from firing.
15. What is the role of afferent neurons? - takes information from the senses to the brain.
16. What is the role of interneurons? - Once information reaches the brain / Spinal Cord, they take the
messages and send them to other areas of brain or to efferent neurons.
17. What is the role of efferent neurons? – take information from the brain to the rest of the body.
18. What is the Central Nervous System? - all the nerves in the spinal cord and brain
19. What is the Peripheral Nervous System? - all the nerves outside the Central Nervous System
- Somatic System – voluntary muscle system - brains motor cortex sends impulses to somatic system
- Autonomic System – automatic functions – heart, brain, lungs, organs, glands …. And fight / flight
20. What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System? ( see above )
21. The Autonomic Nervous System has 2 smaller nervous systems, the sympathetic and
parasympathetic. What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
- mobilizes body to respond to stress
- carries messages to control organs
22. What is the role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System? - Slows body down after a stress
response