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Transcript
Neurons and Synapses Types of Neurons Sensory Motor Interneurons 1 Sensory Neurons INPUT From sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. Drawing shows a somatosensory neuron Brain Sensory Neuron Spinal Cord Vision, hearing, taste and smell nerves are cranial, not spinal 2 Motor Neurons OUTPUT From the brain and spinal cord To the muscles and glands. Sensory Neuron Brain Spinal Cord Motor Neuron 3 Interneurons Interneurons carry information between other neurons only found in the brain and spinal cord. Brain Sensory Neuron Spinal Cord Motor Neuron 4 Action Potential Demonstration Psych Simulation- 4.0 5 Structures of a neuron 6 The cell body Contains the cell’s Nucleus Round, centrally located structure Contains DNA Controls protein manufacturing Directs metabolism No role in neural signaling 7 Dendrites Information collectors Receive inputs from neighboring neurons Inputs may number in thousands If enough inputs the cell’s AXON may generate an output 8 Dendritic Growth Mature neurons generally can’t divide But new dendrites can grow Provides room for more connections to other neurons New connections are basis for learning 9 Axon The cell’s output structure One axon per cell, 2 distinct parts tubelike structure branches at end that connect to dendrites of other cells 10 Myelin sheath White fatty casing on axon Acts as an electrical insulator Not present on all cells When present increases the speed of neural signals down the axon. Myelin Sheath 11 Neuron to Neuron Axons branch out and end near dendrites of neighboring cells A gap separates the axon terminals from dendrites Gap is the Synapse Dendrite Axon Cell Body 12 Synapse axon terminals contain small storage sacs called synaptic vesicles Sending Neuron Axon Terminal Synapse vesicles contain neurotransmitter molecules 13 Neurotransmission http://camel2.conncoll.edu/academics/zoolog y/courses/zoo202/Nervous/synapse.html 14 Locks and Keys Neurotransmitter molecules have specific shapes Receptor molecules have binding sites When NT binds to receptor, ions enter 15 Some Drugs work on receptors Some drugs are shaped like neurotransmitters Antagonists : fit the receptor but poorly and block the NT e.g. beta blockers Agonists : fit receptor well and act like the NT e.g. nicotine. 16 Summary 3 types of neurons The cell membrane Ion movements Action potentials Synapse Neurotransmitters Receptors and ions Agonists and antagonists 17
