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Introduction to Psychology Mr. Hackbarth Chapter 3 Study Guide Name: ______________________________ Score: _____ / 40 Date Due: _____________________________ Part 1: In the space provided answer questions 1 – 6 as completely as possible. 1. Diagram the nervous system. Include the following: Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Somatic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, brain, parasympathetic nervous system, spinal cord. 2. Identify the functions of the following: Medulla: Pons: Cerebellum: Thalamus: Hypothalamus: Cerebrum: Cerebral Cortex: Corpus Callosum: 3. List the four lobes of the cerebral cortex and one function of each? -- -- -- -- 4. List and describe the role of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and the testes and ovaries. 5. What is meant by the “nature – nurture debate”? Which philosophy do you tend to agree with? Why? 6. How would a psychologist who takes the biological perspective in behavior explain a person suffering from depression? Part 2: Matching: In the space provided, write term identified by each description. Choose your answers from the word bank. Some answers will not be used. WORD BANK cerebrum somatic nervous system synapse sympathetic 40 20 adrenal central nervous system 46 neurotransmitter peripheral cerebellum dendrites autonomic nervous system medulla parasympathetic closed 26 genes hormones 23 hypothalamus endorphins central 1. Part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord: ______________________________ 2. Part of the peripheral nervous system that is activated by touch and pain:_____________________________ 3. Largest part of the brain, controlling functions such as thinking and memory: _________________________ 4. Substances in the body that stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions: ____________________________ 5. Basic building blocks of heredity: ____________________________________ 6. Chemical used to send messages across synapses: __________________________________ 7. Part of the hindbrain that helps control balance and coordination: _______________________________ 8. Thin fibers that transmit messages to the neuron’s cell body: __________________________________ 9. Most normal human cells contain ______ chromosomes that are organized into _______ pairs. 10. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the __________________ and ______________________ nervous systems. 11. The two parts of the nervous system are the ________________________ nervous system and the ___________________ nervous system. 12. The _____________________ is a junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. 13. The ________________________ is located in the hindbrain and is involved in vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. 14. The ___________________________, located below the thalamus, plays a role in the regulation of body temperature, storage of nutrients, motivation and emotion, among other functions. 15. The _____________________ glands produce adrenaline and noradrenaline. Part 3: Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the best selection given for each question or statement on the given blank. 1. _____ Messages are transmitted from one neuron to another through the a. axon terminal of one neuron to the axon terminal of another neuron b. dendrites of one neuron to the dendrites of another neuron c. synapses of one neuron to the axon terminal of another neuron d. axon terminal of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons 2. _____ What of the following is regulated by the autonomic nervous system a. differentiating between hot and cold b. digesting food c. throwing a ball d. balancing on a balance beam 3. _____ Which section of the brain is involved in vital functions such as breathing a. hindbrain b. midbrain c. forebrain d. cerebrum 4. _____ The left and right sides of the brain refer to which of the following? a. reticular activating system b. cerebellum c. cerebral cortex d. medulla 5. _____ What does the body’s endocrine system consist of? a. brain and spinal cord b. glands that excrete hormones c. cell body, axons, and dendrites d. genes and chromosomes 6. _____ Psychological traits in human beings, such as intelligence, are influenced a. only by environment b. by both genes and environment c. only by combinations of genes d. by the genes of only one parent 7. _____ Which of the following reflects the ‘nature’ approach to human psychology? a. Intelligence is determined largely by genetics. b. Where a person lives determines how the person behaves. c. Intelligence is determined by the kind of education a person receives. d. Peoples family life helps determine who they will become. 8. _____ One of the most useful types of studies for showing the influence of heredity and environment examines a. identical twins b. siblings and step – siblings c. twins who have been reared apart d. fraternal twins 9. _____ The largest part of the brain is called the a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. thalamus d. hypothalamus 10. _____ A biological psychologist would be most likely to research a. how you learn a list of words b. the developmental processes that leads to your ability to learn c. the physical and chemical changes that occur when you learn d. why learning deficits occur 11. _____ Dr. Wozniak is examining a cell from the nervous system of an animal. He notices that at one end of the cell body is a long, fibrous strand of tissue. He immediately recognizes this is an axon that is responsible for a. carrying signals away from the cell body b. receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body c. determining the speed at which an action potential will travel d. directing the growth and repair of neurons 12. _____ Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the immune system mistakenly destroys some of the myelin wrapped around nerve cell fibers. Which nerve cell fibers are being attacked by this process? a. synapses b. axons c. dendrites d. mitochondria 13. _____ Trisha has a disorder that affects the functioning of her somatic nervous system. Of the following, Trisha probably experiences the most trouble a. digesting food b. thinking c. moving her limbs d. breathing 14. _____ When a man grabbed Sheila’s purse, she ran after him, tackled him, and retrieved her purse. Then she realized that her heart was racing, her breathing was irregular, and she was trembling. Sheila’s ___________________ nervous system was responsible for this action. a. sympathetic b. central c. parasympathetic d. somatic 15. _____ Adrian is recovering from a skiing accident. When an apple is shown to his left cerebral hemisphere, he can name it, but when shown to the right hemisphere he cannot explain it. Adrian most likely damaged his ________________ in the accident. a. reticular formation b. association area c. corpus callosum d. pons 16. _____ The two major divisions of the nervous system are the a. brain and spinal cord b. central and somatic nervous systems c. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems d. peripheral and central nervous system 17. _____ Angela accidentally touches the hot burner on the stove. Sensory information about the pain and heat will be carried to her brain by the ________________ nervous system, her heart rate will increase as a result of activation by the _________________ nervous system, and when she calms down the _________________ nervous system will slow her heart rate down. a. peripheral; central; autonomic b. somatic; autonomic; central c. central sympathetic; parasympathetic d. somatic; sympathetic; parasympathetic 18. _____ When Brandon was tackled during a football game, he hit the back of his head on the turf, which resulted in a concussion. Brandon now has trouble with his vision. Brandon most likely injured his ____________________ lobe. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital. 19. _____ The right hemisphere of the brain gets information from the _________________ side of the body and has better _____________ abilities than the left hemisphere. a. left; logical b. right; language c. left; spatial d. right; artistic