Download Nervous System: Levels of Organization Review and

Nervous System: Levels of Organization
Review and Assessment
Before taking the quiz below, consider again the learning objectives for
this unit. Could you demonstrate each of these objectives? If so, you will
be ready for the assessment below. If not, consider reviewing content
related to these objectives before attempting the assessment.
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Classify the organs that are part of the nervous system as belonging
to the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous
system (PNS).
Within a neuron, identify the soma, axon and dendrite and describe
the main function of each region.
Identify neurons based on anatomical features: unipolar, bipolar,
multipolar and anaxonic and based on functional properties:
sensory, motor, interneuron.
List the four types of CNS glial cells and describe their function.
List the two types of PNS glial cells and describe their function.
Describe the anatomical relationship between the glial cells and the
PNS.
Compare the structure of myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons.
Distinguish between white matter and gray matter.
Describe the transmembrane potential or voltage across the cell
membrane and how it is measured.
Contrast the relative concentrations of ions in body solutions inside
and outside of a cell (sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions).
Explain how four factors determine a neuron’s resting membrane
potential.
Explain how a local electrical response in a neuron membrane is
caused by stimulation.
Interpret a graph showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an
action potential.
Explain action potential.
Identify the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells at a synapse.
Explain synaptic transmission in terms of the structural and
functional features of electrical and chemical synapses.
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Explain how a single neurotransmitter may have different effects at
different postsynaptic cells.
Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials and
discuss how action potentials differ from synaptic potentials.
Identify the four classes of neurotransmitters and identify the most
common excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system as a motor
division of the nervous system.
Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Contrast the anatomy of the parasympathetic and sympathetic
systems.
Describe the local organization of each of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems, including the pattern of innervation of
target glands, organs, and tissues.
Describe major parasympathetic and sympathetic physiological
effects on target organs.
Identify the neurotransmitters released by preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems and describe their effects.
Describe examples of specific effectors dually innervated by the
autonomic nervous system and explain how each branch influences
function in a given effector.
Name examples of effectors innervated either by only the
sympathetic branch or by only the parasympathetic branch of the
autonomic nervous system and explain how that branch by itself
influences function in a given effector.