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Detects external and internal changes sensory Makes decisions about those changes Integrative Acts on those decisions motor Sensory nerves Bring messages from body to central nervous system Can be three feet or more in length Integrative neurons Found in central nervous system Integrate messages between sensory and motor neurons Motor neurons From central nervous system Cause movement of muscles, glandular secretions, etc. Synapse transmission Action potential is transmitted across the synapse by neurotransmitters http://camel2.conncoll.edu /academics/zoology/course s/zoo202/Nervous/synapse .html Reflex arc Simplest nerve pathway Many psychologists think this is how all nervous systems work Neurotransmitters Can be excitatory or inhibitory Excitatory increase permeability to sodium ions Inhibitory decrease perm to NA Neuron pools In the CNS, integrative neurons organized into pools Spinal cord Gray matter in the center (integrative neurons) White matter that is myelinated fibers 31 segments each with a pair of nerve fibers (spinal nerves) that ennervate a different section of the body Covered by meninges and CS fluid BRAIN 3 pounds 25% of O2 intake goes here Covered by meninges No pain receptors 10% of cells are neurons the rest are support cells called neuroglial cells Estimated 1 quadrillion synapses Cerebral cortex http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/flash/hom.html MORE Cortex made of primarily gray integrative neurons Areas defined by studies on brain injured people and by work done during surgery More recently-CAT scans and PET scans depict brain activity Phineas Gage Had a railroad spike go thro’ his skull Changed his personality PET Scan 1. Cerebrum 2. Corpus callosum-connects hemispheres 3. Thalamus-filter for sensory info 3a. Limbic system and Amygdalaemotional control and resulting behavior 4. Cerebellum-balance and coordination 5. Hypothalamus-connection between nervous and endocrine system 6. Pons-breathing depth regulation (CO2 sensors) 7. Medulla oblongata-heartbeat, breathing reflex centers 8. Reticular formation-sleep/wake cycle