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The two functional divisions of the
peripheral nervous system are the afferent
and efferent divisions. What are their
respective functions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Control of the central nervous
system/control of the peripheral nervous
system
Control of neurons/control of neuroglia
Sensory input to the CNS/carries motor
commands to muscles or glands
Carries motor commands to muscles or
glands/sensory input to the CNS
What would damage to the afferent
division of the PNS affect?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ability to learn new facts
Ability to experience motor stimuli
Ability to experience sensory stimuli
Ability to remember past events
Which structure of a neuron is capable of
propagating an electrical impulse?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body
Perikaryon
Which of the following is/are correct concerning
structural classifications of neurons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Multipolar neurons control skeletal muscles.
Bipolar neurons function in the senses of
hearing, smell and vision.
Anaxonic neurons have indistinguishable
axons and dendrites.
All of the above are correct.
Are unipolar neurons in a tissue sample
more likely to be sensory or motor
neurons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They could be either sensory or motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Neither sensory nor motor neurons
One functional classification of neurons is
responsible for integrating sensory information
with motor output. What is the name of that type
of neuron and where are they located?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Motor neurons/anterior horn of the spinal cord
Proprioceptors/skeletal muscles and joints
Interneurons/almost exclusively in the CNS
Interocepters/digestive, respiratory,
cardiovascular systems
Which of the CNS neuroglial cells plays a role in
maintaining the blood–brain barrier and
repairing damaged neural tissue?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Satellite cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Neuroglia of the PNS include ___ and ___ and
their respective functions are ___ and ___.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Astrocytes and satellite cells/forming scar tissue
and engulfing cellular debris
Ependymal cells and Schwann cells/forming
cerebrospinal fluid and forming myelin sheath
Schwann cells and satellite cells/forming myelin
sheath and regulating environment around
neurons
Microglia and ependymal cells/regulating
environment around neurons and forming
cerebrospinal fluid
Which type of neuroglia would occur in
abnormally high numbers in the brain
tissue of a person with a
CNS infection?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
How would a chemical that blocks sodium
channels in neuron cell membranes affect
its ability to depolarize?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It would enhance depolarization.
It would completely inhibit depolarization.
It would slow depolarization.
It would have no effect on depolarization.
What effect would decreasing the
concentration of extracellular potassium ions
have on the transmembrane potential of a
neuron?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Repolarization
Hypopolarization
Decreased transmembrane potential
Hyperpolarization
Which type of gated channel responds to
physical distortion of the membrane surface?
Where is this ability important?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chemically regulated channels/in dendrites
Mechanically regulated channels/sensory receptors
Voltage-gated channels/axons of multipolar and
unipolar neurons
Passive channels/where the channels must remain
open
Which of the choices below correctly lists
the steps of an action potential?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Resting potential  absolute refractory period 
relative refractory period
All-or-none principle  stimulus triggers action
potential  stimulus does not trigger action
potential
Depolarization to threshold  activation of sodium
channels and depolarization inactivation of
sodium channels and activation of potassium
channels  return to normal permeability
None of these
Why is it impossible for continuous
propagation to occur along myelinated axons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Myelin increases resistance to the flow of ions
across the membrane.
Only nodes along a myelinated axon can
respond to a depolarizing stimulus.
Continuous propagation uses less energy and
fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.
1 and 2 are correct
One axon propagates action potentials at 50
meters per second; another carries them at 1
meter per second. Which axon is myelinated?
1. Axon that propagates at 50 meters per
second
2. Axon that propagates at 1 meter per
second
What is the primary distinction between
chemical and electrical synapses; which type
is more rare?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Electrical synapses involve a
neurotransmitter/chemical synapses
Electrical synapses involve direct connection
between cells/electrical synapses
Chemical synapses involve direct connection
between cells/chemical synapses
Electrical synapses always use ACh/both are
equally abundant
Excitatory neurotransmitters cause ___ and
inhibitory neurotransmitters cause ___?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Repolarization/return to resting potential
Suppression of generation of action
potentials/promote generation of action
potentials
Synaptic fatigue/synaptic delay
Depolarization/hyperpolarization
The effects of a neurotransmitter on the
postsynaptic membrane depends upon ___.
1. The time involved in calcium influx
2. ACh being broken down into AChE
3. The properties of the receptor, not the
nature of the neurotransmitter
4. None of these is correct
What effect would blocking voltage-regulated
calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse
have on synaptic communication?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Communication would cease.
Communication would be enhanced.
Communication would be misdirected.
Communication would continue as
before.
One pathway in the central nervous system
consists of three neurons, another of five
neurons. If the neurons in the two pathways are
identical, which pathway will transmit impulses
more rapidly?
1. Pathway with three neurons
2. Pathway with five neurons
3. They would transmit at the same rate
Which of these is NOT a site at which
acetylcholine is released at a synapse?
1. Neuromuscular junctions with skeletal
muscles
2. Neuron-to-neuron synapses in the PNS
3. Postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic
division of the ANS
4. All of these are true
Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are
all members of which category of
neurotransmitter?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hormones
Biogenic amines
Amino acids
Neuropeptides
A person you know has experienced sleep
problems and prolonged depression. Which
neurotransmitter may be in short supply?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dopamine
Any of the opioids
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Which of the following is true concerning
neuromodulators?
1. Have short-term effects
2. Act immediately without intermediate steps
3. Affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic
membrane
4. None of these is correct
The relationship between a neurotransmitter,
such as NE and cAMP is ____, which is
enhanced by a “link” called a ___ ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are both amino acids/carboxyl group
1st messenger and 2nd messenger/G protein
Neurotransmitters/2nd messenger
EPSP and IPSP/1st messenger
In what way(s) is/are temporal and spatial
summation the same?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a single
synapse.
Both are methods by which individual EPSPs
combine to result in an action potential.
Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are applied at
different locations, causing a cumulative effect on
transmembrane potential.
All of these are correct.