thesis - ETDA
... excessive excitatory input, perhaps too little inhibitory input is given, or a combination of both. Balance between excitation and inhibition is a crucial role the basal ganglia exerts on the motor cortex through the thalamus, which itself influences the cortex in an excitatory manner. Inhibition of ...
... excessive excitatory input, perhaps too little inhibitory input is given, or a combination of both. Balance between excitation and inhibition is a crucial role the basal ganglia exerts on the motor cortex through the thalamus, which itself influences the cortex in an excitatory manner. Inhibition of ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamine in both the VTA and dorsal striatum (Fig. 1 A, B). The amount of dopamine released in the midbrain was far less than that in the striatum (VTA: 47 ...
... course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamine in both the VTA and dorsal striatum (Fig. 1 A, B). The amount of dopamine released in the midbrain was far less than that in the striatum (VTA: 47 ...
Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methyl-D
... glycine (Parsons et al., 1993). Thus, antagonism via interactions at the glycineB site is unlikely. However, it is possible that memantine increases the affinity of glycine at NMDA receptors as reflected in a potentiation of NMDA currents at positive potentials by low concentrations of memantine (Wa ...
... glycine (Parsons et al., 1993). Thus, antagonism via interactions at the glycineB site is unlikely. However, it is possible that memantine increases the affinity of glycine at NMDA receptors as reflected in a potentiation of NMDA currents at positive potentials by low concentrations of memantine (Wa ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... subset of GABAergic interneurons, we found that their expression was generally juxtaposed, with Dab1 being primarily expressed by principle neurons and a more widespread population of Reelin-negative GABAergic interneurons. While eKO mice exhibited normal forebrain lamination, dendritic architecture ...
... subset of GABAergic interneurons, we found that their expression was generally juxtaposed, with Dab1 being primarily expressed by principle neurons and a more widespread population of Reelin-negative GABAergic interneurons. While eKO mice exhibited normal forebrain lamination, dendritic architecture ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds to SNAREs and is homologous to Unc18 and Sec1p, proteins known to be essential for C. elegans movements and ...
... botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds to SNAREs and is homologous to Unc18 and Sec1p, proteins known to be essential for C. elegans movements and ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... the topic has been extensively reviewed previously [48,49] and is commonly found in textbooks. The functions, pharmacology, and mechanisms of the glutamate receptor types have been extensively reviewed [33–35,37,50–52]; key information is summarized here. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are grouped i ...
... the topic has been extensively reviewed previously [48,49] and is commonly found in textbooks. The functions, pharmacology, and mechanisms of the glutamate receptor types have been extensively reviewed [33–35,37,50–52]; key information is summarized here. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are grouped i ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997, 1998; Marlin and Carter, 2014). In principle, BLA inputs are well positioned to synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been fo ...
... including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997, 1998; Marlin and Carter, 2014). In principle, BLA inputs are well positioned to synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been fo ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... Abstract The oral part of the pontine reticular formation (PnO) is a component of the ascending reticular activating system and plays a role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. In ...
... Abstract The oral part of the pontine reticular formation (PnO) is a component of the ascending reticular activating system and plays a role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. In ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... The brain contains approximately one trillion (1012 ) neurons that are located in different brain regions. Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information enterin ...
... The brain contains approximately one trillion (1012 ) neurons that are located in different brain regions. Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information enterin ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical stimulation of cortex has also been shown to excite cholinergic inte ...
... of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical stimulation of cortex has also been shown to excite cholinergic inte ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... anxiogenic stimuli. We will focus here on the function of BST in brain reward circuitry, particularly in terms of its connectivity with the mesolimbic DA system, and the major role it plays in modulating DA neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the ...
... anxiogenic stimuli. We will focus here on the function of BST in brain reward circuitry, particularly in terms of its connectivity with the mesolimbic DA system, and the major role it plays in modulating DA neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... particularly effective in controlling this dendritic nonlinearity when excitatory inputs are medi- ...
... particularly effective in controlling this dendritic nonlinearity when excitatory inputs are medi- ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... will make you realise just how much the nervous system has to achieve and how many different parts of it have to be involved and functionally integrated. This is without considering whether you feel content, anxious, or depressed and how that can affect your concentration and ability to read and lea ...
... will make you realise just how much the nervous system has to achieve and how many different parts of it have to be involved and functionally integrated. This is without considering whether you feel content, anxious, or depressed and how that can affect your concentration and ability to read and lea ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... elimination (Jaubert-Miazza et al., 2005; Hooks and Chen, 2006). Axons from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) terminate in distinct nonoverlapping eye-specific domains in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). The majority of eye-specific segregation occurs postnatally before the onset of vision, ...
... elimination (Jaubert-Miazza et al., 2005; Hooks and Chen, 2006). Axons from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) terminate in distinct nonoverlapping eye-specific domains in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). The majority of eye-specific segregation occurs postnatally before the onset of vision, ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... marijuana. This discovery, together with the isolation of the second endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, established the foundation of a new signalling system in the brain [2,3]. This system is of importance to the understanding of neuronal communication ...
... marijuana. This discovery, together with the isolation of the second endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, established the foundation of a new signalling system in the brain [2,3]. This system is of importance to the understanding of neuronal communication ...
5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... 5-HT heteroreceptors. GABA released from GABAergic ...
... 5-HT heteroreceptors. GABA released from GABAergic ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... dynorphin and N/OFQ, masking the excitatory orexin effect. However, during a prolonged firing activity, -receptors will be desensitized and the excitatory orexin effect will eventually prevail. Nonetheless, the excitability will be kept in check due to the nondesensitizing N/OFQ effect. It has been ...
... dynorphin and N/OFQ, masking the excitatory orexin effect. However, during a prolonged firing activity, -receptors will be desensitized and the excitatory orexin effect will eventually prevail. Nonetheless, the excitability will be kept in check due to the nondesensitizing N/OFQ effect. It has been ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... Figures 2b and e). These results indicate that intact expression of the neuron-specific Nf1 exon 9a isoform is required for normal spatial learning. To determine whether the spatial learning impairments of Nf19a–/9a– mutants are associated with changes in synaptic function, we recorded field excitator ...
... Figures 2b and e). These results indicate that intact expression of the neuron-specific Nf1 exon 9a isoform is required for normal spatial learning. To determine whether the spatial learning impairments of Nf19a–/9a– mutants are associated with changes in synaptic function, we recorded field excitator ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
Document
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in - AJP
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... responses, however, the formula for entropy does not handle negative numbers, i.e. inhibitory responses. On the other hand, the noise to signal ratio rarely confronts this problem because the response to the 2nd best stimulus is virtually never inhibitory, but this measure ignores the 3rd and 4th-be ...
... responses, however, the formula for entropy does not handle negative numbers, i.e. inhibitory responses. On the other hand, the noise to signal ratio rarely confronts this problem because the response to the 2nd best stimulus is virtually never inhibitory, but this measure ignores the 3rd and 4th-be ...