Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... the strength of each synapse in stratum lacunosum-moleculare from neuron j in entorhinal cortex to neuron i in region CAl, as shown in Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing ...
... the strength of each synapse in stratum lacunosum-moleculare from neuron j in entorhinal cortex to neuron i in region CAl, as shown in Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... separating important features of mixed deep electrical sources. In theory, if we assume that brain electrical sources are spatially stationary (i.e., immobile), then their best extraction from LFPs should be obtained within the ICA framework. Apart from propagating spikes whose contribution to LFPs ...
... separating important features of mixed deep electrical sources. In theory, if we assume that brain electrical sources are spatially stationary (i.e., immobile), then their best extraction from LFPs should be obtained within the ICA framework. Apart from propagating spikes whose contribution to LFPs ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... and Christopher J. Frederickson. Rapid translocation of Zn2⫹ from presynaptic terminals into postsynaptic hippocampal neurons after physiological stimulation. J Neurophysiol 86: 2597–2604, 2001. Zn2⫹ is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extrace ...
... and Christopher J. Frederickson. Rapid translocation of Zn2⫹ from presynaptic terminals into postsynaptic hippocampal neurons after physiological stimulation. J Neurophysiol 86: 2597–2604, 2001. Zn2⫹ is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extrace ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
... antidromic activation of mossy fibers, we blocked the mossy fiber transmission ventral to the stimulation electrode in two animals. If the CS information is transmitted via the mossy fibers, this should abolish responses to the forelimb CS but leave responses to MCP stimulation unaffected. A micropi ...
... antidromic activation of mossy fibers, we blocked the mossy fiber transmission ventral to the stimulation electrode in two animals. If the CS information is transmitted via the mossy fibers, this should abolish responses to the forelimb CS but leave responses to MCP stimulation unaffected. A micropi ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... Contractile effect of H1, H2 and H3 agonists. Histamine (10 and 30 mM, but not lower), applied to the anal compartment, with cimetidine and thioperamide in the bath, produced contractions of the circular smooth muscle in the oral compartment with a latency of 15 to 20 sec; the contractile effect of ...
... Contractile effect of H1, H2 and H3 agonists. Histamine (10 and 30 mM, but not lower), applied to the anal compartment, with cimetidine and thioperamide in the bath, produced contractions of the circular smooth muscle in the oral compartment with a latency of 15 to 20 sec; the contractile effect of ...
Cliff - USD Biology
... Is the NAc a Reward Center? ◦ Oversimplification of NAc function? ◦ Exaggerates NAc function? ...
... Is the NAc a Reward Center? ◦ Oversimplification of NAc function? ◦ Exaggerates NAc function? ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... the closely packed granule cells of layer IV, characteristic of area z 7 as defined by Krieg (I946). Beyond this primary area are the peristriate areas i8 and zSa, in which there are other retinotopic representations (Montero, Bravo and Fernandez, I973). These results both confirm and refine those o ...
... the closely packed granule cells of layer IV, characteristic of area z 7 as defined by Krieg (I946). Beyond this primary area are the peristriate areas i8 and zSa, in which there are other retinotopic representations (Montero, Bravo and Fernandez, I973). These results both confirm and refine those o ...
Dense Core Vesicle Release: Controlling the Where as
... released, can be observed accumulating within the coelomocytes. The purpose of these cells remains unclear, but they provide a very useful tool for researchers to observe peptide release from cells. In the CaMKII mutants Hoover et al. (2014) observed an increased level of DCV release compared to th ...
... released, can be observed accumulating within the coelomocytes. The purpose of these cells remains unclear, but they provide a very useful tool for researchers to observe peptide release from cells. In the CaMKII mutants Hoover et al. (2014) observed an increased level of DCV release compared to th ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of interaction between two brain areas is synchronized o ...
... hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of interaction between two brain areas is synchronized o ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... many neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine, via activation of protein kinases. Trace eyeblink conditioning, like other hippocampus-dependent tasks, relies on protein synthesis for consolidating the learned memory. Protein kinase A (PKA) has been shown to be a key contributor for protein synthesis ...
... many neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine, via activation of protein kinases. Trace eyeblink conditioning, like other hippocampus-dependent tasks, relies on protein synthesis for consolidating the learned memory. Protein kinase A (PKA) has been shown to be a key contributor for protein synthesis ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... augment the ethanol enhancement of GABAA IPSCs, implying the involvement of GABAB receptors in modulating ethanol effects of GABAA responses in the hippocampus, but the mechanisms are not well understood. GABAB receptors mediate the slow synaptic inhibitory response of GABA transmission (Solis and N ...
... augment the ethanol enhancement of GABAA IPSCs, implying the involvement of GABAB receptors in modulating ethanol effects of GABAA responses in the hippocampus, but the mechanisms are not well understood. GABAB receptors mediate the slow synaptic inhibitory response of GABA transmission (Solis and N ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... However, a closer look into the cerebellar neuronal connections may explain why this was not the case. During more widespread cortical stimulation some of the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both sen ...
... However, a closer look into the cerebellar neuronal connections may explain why this was not the case. During more widespread cortical stimulation some of the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both sen ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... effective at the coherent sending group than at the non-coherent sending group, even if it is anatomically directed to both (Fries, 2005). Thus, CTC might render anatomically non-selective feedback functionally selective to the appropriate sending group. If, as we now point out, delays are not negli ...
... effective at the coherent sending group than at the non-coherent sending group, even if it is anatomically directed to both (Fries, 2005). Thus, CTC might render anatomically non-selective feedback functionally selective to the appropriate sending group. If, as we now point out, delays are not negli ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... receptor antagonists were purchased from Tocris Cookson. A 100 W Xenon arc lamp was used for illumination. To minimize photobleaching, the light was attenuated 4–8 times using neutral density filters. A Uniblitz VMM-D3 shutter was used to restrict illumination to periods when the camera was actively ...
... receptor antagonists were purchased from Tocris Cookson. A 100 W Xenon arc lamp was used for illumination. To minimize photobleaching, the light was attenuated 4–8 times using neutral density filters. A Uniblitz VMM-D3 shutter was used to restrict illumination to periods when the camera was actively ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... To reconstruct the forms of the dendrites receiving degenerating and synapsing geniculocortical afferents on their shafts, serial thin sections through layer IV of the visual cortex were prepared. The material used for serial sectioning was obtained from the animal designated earlier (Peters and Fel ...
... To reconstruct the forms of the dendrites receiving degenerating and synapsing geniculocortical afferents on their shafts, serial thin sections through layer IV of the visual cortex were prepared. The material used for serial sectioning was obtained from the animal designated earlier (Peters and Fel ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity
... receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are grouped into three pharmacologically defined classes: NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and thre ...
... receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are grouped into three pharmacologically defined classes: NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and thre ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Smith 1993). Recent experiments using a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation have shown that stimulation of the RVLM can elicit excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in SPNs that are mediated by an excitatory amino acid acting on both non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and NMDA receptor ...
... Smith 1993). Recent experiments using a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation have shown that stimulation of the RVLM can elicit excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in SPNs that are mediated by an excitatory amino acid acting on both non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and NMDA receptor ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... back to the outside for another cycle of transport, led to early models of transporters that moved across the membrane or rotated in place. The structural information contained in the primary sequence of the transporter genes and a wealth of experimental data now indicate that transporters form a po ...
... back to the outside for another cycle of transport, led to early models of transporters that moved across the membrane or rotated in place. The structural information contained in the primary sequence of the transporter genes and a wealth of experimental data now indicate that transporters form a po ...
full text pdf
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
NEOCORTEX
... and paleocortex (olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) is the neocort¿x, which is the most recent arrival in evolutionary history and arguably the most impressive example of the genre. It has certainly impressed paleontologists, whose research on the fossil record of hominids has demonstrated that th ...
... and paleocortex (olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) is the neocort¿x, which is the most recent arrival in evolutionary history and arguably the most impressive example of the genre. It has certainly impressed paleontologists, whose research on the fossil record of hominids has demonstrated that th ...