mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation. Each oscillation is generated by a particular set of intrinsic neuronal currents, synaptic interactions and extracellular factors. Little is known about the functional role of osc ...
... electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation. Each oscillation is generated by a particular set of intrinsic neuronal currents, synaptic interactions and extracellular factors. Little is known about the functional role of osc ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies ⬍1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with GABA and glutamate mediating ⬎90% of the evoked fast synaptic curr ...
... of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies ⬍1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with GABA and glutamate mediating ⬎90% of the evoked fast synaptic curr ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... deafferented cortex, we observe a significant increase in AMPARs, but no change in NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant increase in GABAARs 2-7 weeks post-deafferentation, coincident with a return of ...
... deafferented cortex, we observe a significant increase in AMPARs, but no change in NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant increase in GABAARs 2-7 weeks post-deafferentation, coincident with a return of ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... receptors. The channels formed by AMPA and KA receptors are primarily permeable to Na+ and K+ and exhibit a rather low conductance to Ca2+ (Mayer and Westbrook, 1987). By contrast, the NMDA receptors have a considerably higher conductance and are permeable to Na+ and Ca2+ (MacDermott et al., 1986). ...
... receptors. The channels formed by AMPA and KA receptors are primarily permeable to Na+ and K+ and exhibit a rather low conductance to Ca2+ (Mayer and Westbrook, 1987). By contrast, the NMDA receptors have a considerably higher conductance and are permeable to Na+ and Ca2+ (MacDermott et al., 1986). ...
cortical limbic system: a computational model. PhD thesis. htt
... when all I could think of was science. To Craig’s family for making me feel at home especially when I missed home. To my family, for all your support. I am indebted to them for the sacrifices that they made to put me through education. Thank you. ...
... when all I could think of was science. To Craig’s family for making me feel at home especially when I missed home. To my family, for all your support. I am indebted to them for the sacrifices that they made to put me through education. Thank you. ...
Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A
... in the amygdala, superior colliculus, piriform cortex, and interpeduncular nucleus, as well as in several hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei. Activation of 5-HT1A heteroreceptors on these distinct neurons mediates hyperpolarizing response to released serotonin and usually reduces neuronal excitability ...
... in the amygdala, superior colliculus, piriform cortex, and interpeduncular nucleus, as well as in several hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei. Activation of 5-HT1A heteroreceptors on these distinct neurons mediates hyperpolarizing response to released serotonin and usually reduces neuronal excitability ...
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D
... studies of NMDA receptors using radioligand binding and electrophysiological techniques have shown evidence for heterogeneity in native NMDA receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system (Beaton et al., 1992; Stern et al., 1992; Sakurai et al., 1993; Laurie and Seeburg, 1994; Buller et al., 199 ...
... studies of NMDA receptors using radioligand binding and electrophysiological techniques have shown evidence for heterogeneity in native NMDA receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system (Beaton et al., 1992; Stern et al., 1992; Sakurai et al., 1993; Laurie and Seeburg, 1994; Buller et al., 199 ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... curve in Fig. 2c). Inhibition is particularly effective in controlling this dendritic nonlinearity when excitatory inputs are mediated by NMDARs with experimentally observed saturation, in stark contrast to AMPARs (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; Supplementary Fig. 1) ...
... curve in Fig. 2c). Inhibition is particularly effective in controlling this dendritic nonlinearity when excitatory inputs are mediated by NMDARs with experimentally observed saturation, in stark contrast to AMPARs (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; Supplementary Fig. 1) ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... collected for 12 EPSPs to demonstrate that this variation was greater than could be accounted for by baseline noise. The amplitude variations of one EPSP were reliably resolved from the background noise, and this EPSP fluctuated between 4 discrete amplitudes (including failures) separated by a quant ...
... collected for 12 EPSPs to demonstrate that this variation was greater than could be accounted for by baseline noise. The amplitude variations of one EPSP were reliably resolved from the background noise, and this EPSP fluctuated between 4 discrete amplitudes (including failures) separated by a quant ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... In the vibrissae somatosensory network, primary and secondary thalamic nuclei can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the sensory information that they process (Diamond, 1995). The primary thalamic nucleus is the VPM, and the secondary nucleus is the rostral sector of the posterior comp ...
... In the vibrissae somatosensory network, primary and secondary thalamic nuclei can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the sensory information that they process (Diamond, 1995). The primary thalamic nucleus is the VPM, and the secondary nucleus is the rostral sector of the posterior comp ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... This study addresses one main question. How is the primitive vertebrate spinal flexion reflex organized? Although most textbooks of neuroscience show the mammal flexion reflex with two layers of interneurons in the pathway, we know of no case in the vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a ski ...
... This study addresses one main question. How is the primitive vertebrate spinal flexion reflex organized? Although most textbooks of neuroscience show the mammal flexion reflex with two layers of interneurons in the pathway, we know of no case in the vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a ski ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) is the source of these cortical projection fibers and thus implicates the BFCS in the NGF-induced cortical plasticity. The basal forebrain (BF) in the rat, known as the magnocellular basal forebrain nuclei, includes cells located in the nucleus basalis of Meynert ...
... forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) is the source of these cortical projection fibers and thus implicates the BFCS in the NGF-induced cortical plasticity. The basal forebrain (BF) in the rat, known as the magnocellular basal forebrain nuclei, includes cells located in the nucleus basalis of Meynert ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... on inhibitory synaptic potentials induced by stimulation of afferent fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the netwo ...
... on inhibitory synaptic potentials induced by stimulation of afferent fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the netwo ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... organisms, from bacteria to elephant, are packed with comparable switches, gates and stores. From protein allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty ...
... organisms, from bacteria to elephant, are packed with comparable switches, gates and stores. From protein allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... receptors (mGluR), whereas at high concentrations (>10 µM) it raised [Ca2+]c mainly by activating AMPA/kainate Introduction Glutamate-mediated rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) are of the ultimate importance for neuronal excitability (Nakanishi, 1992; Berridge, 1998); they also pl ...
... receptors (mGluR), whereas at high concentrations (>10 µM) it raised [Ca2+]c mainly by activating AMPA/kainate Introduction Glutamate-mediated rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) are of the ultimate importance for neuronal excitability (Nakanishi, 1992; Berridge, 1998); they also pl ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... Pyramidal cells in neocortex and hippocampus have highly complicated dendritic structures, but the computational contribution of the dendritic tree in neuronal processing is still elusive. Experimental evidence suggests that individual dendritic branches can be considered as independent computationa ...
... Pyramidal cells in neocortex and hippocampus have highly complicated dendritic structures, but the computational contribution of the dendritic tree in neuronal processing is still elusive. Experimental evidence suggests that individual dendritic branches can be considered as independent computationa ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... perfusion-fixed (Figure 2E). It is unlikely that these spines simply retracted, leaving intact presynaptic boutons, because the frequency of nonsynaptic boutons did not increase (Figure 2E). The frequency of single synaptic boutons in the LTP condition was comparable to the perfusion-fixed and great ...
... perfusion-fixed (Figure 2E). It is unlikely that these spines simply retracted, leaving intact presynaptic boutons, because the frequency of nonsynaptic boutons did not increase (Figure 2E). The frequency of single synaptic boutons in the LTP condition was comparable to the perfusion-fixed and great ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... mechanisms residing in the MBH failed: neither infusion of doxazosin (a specific water-soluble a 1-receptor blocker) nor infusion of GABA or muscimol into the MBH had effects on pulsatile LH secretion. These observations suggest that the crucial noradrenergic and GABAergic mechanisms for the generat ...
... mechanisms residing in the MBH failed: neither infusion of doxazosin (a specific water-soluble a 1-receptor blocker) nor infusion of GABA or muscimol into the MBH had effects on pulsatile LH secretion. These observations suggest that the crucial noradrenergic and GABAergic mechanisms for the generat ...