High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... (assuming that the input strongly activates a subset of cells). In addition, this reduction in background firing activity would prevent activation of the calcium-dependent potassium currents underlying spike frequency accommodation. Thus, depolarization of interneurons could enhance the ability of c ...
... (assuming that the input strongly activates a subset of cells). In addition, this reduction in background firing activity would prevent activation of the calcium-dependent potassium currents underlying spike frequency accommodation. Thus, depolarization of interneurons could enhance the ability of c ...
Print
... hippocampus (188), as well as throughout the brain, where activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids can efficiently veto neurotransmitter release in many distinct types of synapses (see sect. IV). The conditions of synthesis, release, distance of diffusion, duration of effect, and site of action were al ...
... hippocampus (188), as well as throughout the brain, where activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids can efficiently veto neurotransmitter release in many distinct types of synapses (see sect. IV). The conditions of synthesis, release, distance of diffusion, duration of effect, and site of action were al ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... In addition to their extrastriatal projections, the spiny projection neurons give rise to a relatively dense local axon collateral arborization that is approximately coextensive with and usually extends beyond (sometimes far beyond) the dendritic arborization of the parent cell (Wilson and Groves, 1 ...
... In addition to their extrastriatal projections, the spiny projection neurons give rise to a relatively dense local axon collateral arborization that is approximately coextensive with and usually extends beyond (sometimes far beyond) the dendritic arborization of the parent cell (Wilson and Groves, 1 ...
Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons Target Non
... Tripathi et al., 2010). This projection is thought to mediate a “long-loop” inhibitory feedback to regulate dopamine neuron activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a di ...
... Tripathi et al., 2010). This projection is thought to mediate a “long-loop” inhibitory feedback to regulate dopamine neuron activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a di ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on serotonin pathways, catecholaminergic neurons, and the basal forebrain cholinergic system as well as the hippocampal formation, a brain region involved ...
... Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on serotonin pathways, catecholaminergic neurons, and the basal forebrain cholinergic system as well as the hippocampal formation, a brain region involved ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... mistaken impression that second messenger modulation of a single current occurs in isolation. Instead, modulation of membrane currents by second messengers has several important computational consequences (Hille, 2001): (A) Second messenger activation is often associated with amplification. That is, ...
... mistaken impression that second messenger modulation of a single current occurs in isolation. Instead, modulation of membrane currents by second messengers has several important computational consequences (Hille, 2001): (A) Second messenger activation is often associated with amplification. That is, ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... considerable differences between the pyramidal neurons shown. Layer V pyramidal neurons have longer apical dendrites and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal ...
... considerable differences between the pyramidal neurons shown. Layer V pyramidal neurons have longer apical dendrites and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... The odorant receptor (Or) genes in Drosophila are a highly diverse family of ⵑ60 genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Robertson et al., 2003). Two of them, Or22a and Or22b, were recently characterized in detail and were shown to be coexpressed specifically in the ab ...
... The odorant receptor (Or) genes in Drosophila are a highly diverse family of ⵑ60 genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Robertson et al., 2003). Two of them, Or22a and Or22b, were recently characterized in detail and were shown to be coexpressed specifically in the ab ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... push–pull perfusion or microdialysis [14,15] can be accomplished without contamination by local synaptic release or reuptake of peripherally released peptides (since the blood– brain barrier effectively blocks reuptake), dividing the brain and its periphery into two separate compartments. Simultaneo ...
... push–pull perfusion or microdialysis [14,15] can be accomplished without contamination by local synaptic release or reuptake of peripherally released peptides (since the blood– brain barrier effectively blocks reuptake), dividing the brain and its periphery into two separate compartments. Simultaneo ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... push–pull perfusion or microdialysis [14,15] can be accomplished without contamination by local synaptic release or reuptake of peripherally released peptides (since the blood– brain barrier effectively blocks reuptake), dividing the brain and its periphery into two separate compartments. Simultaneo ...
... push–pull perfusion or microdialysis [14,15] can be accomplished without contamination by local synaptic release or reuptake of peripherally released peptides (since the blood– brain barrier effectively blocks reuptake), dividing the brain and its periphery into two separate compartments. Simultaneo ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... or procedural memories [190,196]. These clinical studies, complemented by investigations on animals with experimental brain lesions (i.e., the hippocampal formation and the dorsal striatum), supported the theory of multiple memory systems in the brain ([136,137,157,159–162], see also Refs. [196,214] ...
... or procedural memories [190,196]. These clinical studies, complemented by investigations on animals with experimental brain lesions (i.e., the hippocampal formation and the dorsal striatum), supported the theory of multiple memory systems in the brain ([136,137,157,159–162], see also Refs. [196,214] ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... mostly column restricted. Unitary EPSP amplitudes and paired-pulse ratios in the L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections depended on the “group” of the postsynaptic interneuron. Averaged over all L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections, unitary EPSP amplitudes were 1.8-fold higher than in the translaminar L4- ...
... mostly column restricted. Unitary EPSP amplitudes and paired-pulse ratios in the L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections depended on the “group” of the postsynaptic interneuron. Averaged over all L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections, unitary EPSP amplitudes were 1.8-fold higher than in the translaminar L4- ...
Ping-An Li, Ashfaq Shuaib, Hiro Miyashita, Qing
... above and below which brain damage was exaggerated and postischemic seizures were triggered, supporting the notion of a critical pH range. It has been established that excitatory amino acids (EAAs), notably glutamate, play a pivotal role in neuronal death.8 –10 Recent studies demonstrate that mitoch ...
... above and below which brain damage was exaggerated and postischemic seizures were triggered, supporting the notion of a critical pH range. It has been established that excitatory amino acids (EAAs), notably glutamate, play a pivotal role in neuronal death.8 –10 Recent studies demonstrate that mitoch ...
Contacts among non-sister dendritic branches at
... for contact. Yet, it is not clear whether such non-self recognition-based contact occurs spontaneously, or they are allocated and stabilized by a dedicated mechanism. We found that non-sister dendritic branches make stable contacts preferably at sites of bifurcations. Formation of such contacts is c ...
... for contact. Yet, it is not clear whether such non-self recognition-based contact occurs spontaneously, or they are allocated and stabilized by a dedicated mechanism. We found that non-sister dendritic branches make stable contacts preferably at sites of bifurcations. Formation of such contacts is c ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neuro ...
... expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neuro ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... nucleus (dLGN) of the cat form one of the three major pathways that connect the retina to the visual cortex. W cells are found only in the C laminae of the dLGN (Guillery, 1966; O’Leary, 1940), but their axons provide a widespread innervation of cortical areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, 20b, 21a, PLLS, PMLS, ...
... nucleus (dLGN) of the cat form one of the three major pathways that connect the retina to the visual cortex. W cells are found only in the C laminae of the dLGN (Guillery, 1966; O’Leary, 1940), but their axons provide a widespread innervation of cortical areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, 20b, 21a, PLLS, PMLS, ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... acid (AP-5), (S)-␣-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), and (3-(R)2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). The D1 dopamine receptor antagonist (R)-SCH-23390 HCl and the -opioid receptor agonist {[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO)} were purchased from RBI/Sigma (Natick, M ...
... acid (AP-5), (S)-␣-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), and (3-(R)2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). The D1 dopamine receptor antagonist (R)-SCH-23390 HCl and the -opioid receptor agonist {[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO)} were purchased from RBI/Sigma (Natick, M ...
Read as PDF
... mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechanisms that mediate this type of control at a synapse between a mech ...
... mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechanisms that mediate this type of control at a synapse between a mech ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells is the first to address the role of group II and group III mGluRs in brief nonnociceptive and nociceptive transmi ...
... potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells is the first to address the role of group II and group III mGluRs in brief nonnociceptive and nociceptive transmi ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investigated as the next generation (post-Moore, non-Von Neumann) ultra-low power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emergin ...
... such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investigated as the next generation (post-Moore, non-Von Neumann) ultra-low power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emergin ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... Additionally, the complexity of neuronal networks makes it difficult to identify release sites that connect a specific pair of cells, complicating the analysis of the origin of variability between sites. Here we report an approach that images synaptic transmission with quantal resolution at hundreds ...
... Additionally, the complexity of neuronal networks makes it difficult to identify release sites that connect a specific pair of cells, complicating the analysis of the origin of variability between sites. Here we report an approach that images synaptic transmission with quantal resolution at hundreds ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... is overcome by a change in firing pattern from singlespike firing to burst firing. Burst firing in DA neurons induces increases in DA release that are 2–3 times that of increases in tonic firing rates of the same magnitude. Moreover, DA released during burst firing has been demonstrated to be locali ...
... is overcome by a change in firing pattern from singlespike firing to burst firing. Burst firing in DA neurons induces increases in DA release that are 2–3 times that of increases in tonic firing rates of the same magnitude. Moreover, DA released during burst firing has been demonstrated to be locali ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... counterpart (Fig. 1A), permitting sensory inputs to be transiently (9) or persistently turned on by targeted disruptions of the balance (10, 11). Although the excitatory-inhibitory balance plays an important role for stability and information processing in cortical networks, it is not understood by ...
... counterpart (Fig. 1A), permitting sensory inputs to be transiently (9) or persistently turned on by targeted disruptions of the balance (10, 11). Although the excitatory-inhibitory balance plays an important role for stability and information processing in cortical networks, it is not understood by ...