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Transcript
1 Diversity of neurons STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION by András Salma Nervous System Glial cells are non-neural sells that provide support and protection for neurons In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia, and in the peripheral nervous system glial cells include Schwann cells (myelin sheat). The purpose of neurons is to receive, process, and transfer information in the form of chemical or electrical signals. 2 Structural classification (Central NS) (Peripheral NS) Pseudounipolar (P) 3 Pyramidic (C) Classifcation with respect to function Sensory neurons convey information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system. Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells. Muscular output involves peripheral nervous system. Interneurons are found in the brain, highly branched axons and/or dendrites, processing signals. 4 Neurotransmitters Cholinergic neurons: Nicotinic receptors. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A. GABAergic neurons: Gamma aminobutyric acid--GABA is one of two common neuroinhibitors. GABA is synthesized from glutamate neurotransmitters by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. Glutamatergic neurons: Glutamate is one of two primary excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, the other being Aspartate. Glutamate receptors are one of four categories, three of which are ligand-gated ion channels and one of which is a G-protein coupled receptor (often referred to as GPCR).Glutamate is synthesized from the amino acid glutamine Dopaminergic neurons: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is connected to mood and behaviour, and modulates both pre and post synaptic neurotransmission. Serotonergic neurons: Serotonin can act as excitatory or inhibitory. A lack of serotonin at postsynaptic neurons has been linked to depression. Drugs that block the presynaptic serotonin transporter are used for treatment, such as Prozac and Zoloft. 5
