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Mr. Gibbons 7Acc Integrated Science Name_________________________ Date___________________per____ The Nervous System The control center of your body Nervous System: Body system that coordinates the actions of an animal and transmits signals (impulses) to every part of the body System overview: (simplified) Purpose? Coordinates _______________________________ controlling EVERY activity done Provides a means to send messages (impulses) to all parts of the body from the brain Stores ________________ and allows for __________________ Maintains ________________________ Reminder: This system functions using a quick STIMULUS RESPONSE scheme The Organs: The Picture: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain (A) & Spinal Cord (B) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerves (C) Note: The average human brain is about 3.0 pounds and contains about 100.0 BILLION neurons (nerve cells) Two parts of the nervous system: Nervous System Central Nervous System: 1. Peripheral Nervous System: Central Nervous System (CNS)Control center of the nervous system controlling both voluntary and involuntary processes Voluntary – Any process that occurs as a result of the organism thinking about it (have control over) Ex: speaking, running, karate chopping Involuntary – Any process that occurs without any thought automatically (have no control over) Ex: digestion, heartbeat, reflexes A. The Brain: Large mass of neurons (nerve cells) located in the cranium and divided into three main sections with their own functions. Protected by the: Center for voluntary activities Interprets messages from sensory neurons Involves memory, thought, and reasoning o Controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, peristalsis, and blood pressure Coordinates motor activities and maintains balance B. Spinal cord: Bundle of nerves attached to the brain that runs down the back. The spine is in charge of __________________________ Protected by the: 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)Consists of all of the ___________________ outside of the central nervous system. These nerves coordinate messages between all parts of the body and the central nervous system (brain and spine) The Nervous System Song lyrics by: Mr. Parr Each neuron has a cell body, a nucleus Strands called nerve fibers There are two types them Carrying information out-in When info's channeled to the cell body-Dendrites When it is sent away from-axons They pair up from one cell to a friend To pass on the instructions Chorus: There are millions of nerves They are called neurons And there are just three types Sensory is the first has receptors They respond to stimuli Association's in brain and spinal cord Interpreting the info and passing on To move the motor neurons carry to the body Bring it to the glands Bring it to the muscles...oh oh oh oh oh Nervous System Spinal cord, brain, and nerves... oh oh oh oh oh The Nervous System Nerves are chords that come in packs Of nerve fibers Sensory, motor, or mixed nerves The spinal chord's a thick bundle runs from the brain Through holes in the backbone Info travels through electric signals nerve impulse Neurotransmitter's released at the junction If enough of the chemical builds up In the next neuron Impulse is sent on Chorus: There are two main types of actions, actions Carried out your body, body Voluntary actions, actions Consciously in your mind, mind If you do something, something That is automatic, (that is automatic) Involuntary action, (involuntary action) Like digestion, breathing Involuntary Reflex actions are sudden movements Chorus: Everybody in the world, Let me here you sing it like The Nervous System (spoken) Neurons Definition: Three Types: 1. Sensory Neurons – Picks up a stimulus from a sense organ and carries a message to the central nervous system (interneurons) 2. Interneurons – The “middle man” found only in the brain and spinal cord. These neurons carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons 3. Motor Neurons – Transfers impulses from interneurons to muscles and gland telling them what to do Neuron Parts 1 Dendrites Cell Body Carry impulses _______________ the cell body Core of the cell containing the _________________ Axon “Wire” that carries impulses _______________ the cell body Myelin Sheath Terminal Branches Neurotransmitter 2 3 Lipid covering the axon which helps to ___________________ Releases neurotransmitters in order to pass on the impulse Chemical that travels over the _________________ 4 5 6 Other Vocabulary: Impulse – Electrical signal that travels through the nervous system from neuron to neuron. Synapse– The space between the terminal branches of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron Refractory PeriodBrief period of time after an impulse has traveled through a neuron where it cannot fire a second time (it must reset) . The Reflex Arc It’s a no-brainer! Hey, what about me? 1. Sensory organ is stimulated by some stimulus 2. The impulse is sent to interneurons in the spine to be processed 3. An impulse is sent to motor neurons initiating a response (reaction)