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Physical Development in Infancy Lecture Prepared by Dr. M. Sawhney Physical Growth Patterns Cephalocaudal pattern Proximodistal pattern Height & Weight Growth Brain’s Four Lobes Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Brain Lateralization Brain Development: Neuron Dendrites: of neuron that receives inputs from other neurons Axon: part of neuron that transmits electrical signals to other neurons Synapses: point where connections between neurons are made http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c UGuWh2UeMk Myelination It is growth of the myelin around the axons. Blooming and Pruning Blooming is when neurons form connection with other neurons Pruning: connections that are unused wither away Synaptic Density The Neuroconstructivist View Biological processes and environmental conditions influence the brain’s development Brain has plasticity and is context dependent https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=i9JPkUE2 IJw Sleep • Newborns sleep approximately 18hrs a day • Cultural variations influence sleep patterns • 50 percent of the time is spent in rapid eye movement sleep Sudden Infant Death Syndrome • • 90 percent of SIDS death occur between 2-4 months Seen more often in premature and low birth weight babies • Causes: • Low birth weight • Sleeping on stomach • Co-sleeping • Soft bedding Nutrition • Nutrition: • Infants should consume 50calories per day for each pound they weigh Malnutrition in infancy: • Marasmus • Kwashioror Motor Development Dynamic Systems View Motor skills are a result of solutions to complex systems of actions Each skill is acquired through: Central nervous system Body’s physical properties Child’s goals Environmental support for the skill Motor Development Reflexes Sucking reflex Rooting reflex Moro reflex Grasping reflex Gross Motor Skills Is Gross motor development genetic or environmental Fine Motor Skills Reaching Grasping Palmer grasp Pincer grasp Sensory & Perceptual Development Sensation Perception Visual Perception: Newborn can focus till 20ft Color vision Depth Perception Visual Cliff Experiment http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=1VPaBcT1KdY