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Transcript
Central Nervous System Most highly organized and complex system of the body -Communication and coordination system of the body -Seat of intellect and reasoning -Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves NEURON = Nerve cell Transmits a message from one neuron to the next NEUROGLIA = nerve “glue”, holds nerve together DENDRITES Nerve cell processes that carry impulse to the neuron axon May be one or many AXON Carries impulse away from neuron Only one on a neuron dendrites NEURILEMMA (MYELIN SHEATH) Myelin is a fatty substance that protects the axon Speeds up the nerve impulse as it travels along the axon SYNAPSE – space between neurons, messages go from one cell to the next The ends of the dendrites and axons never touch at the synapse So how is the nerve message continued along the axon/dendrite route??? The synapse contains Neurotransmitters Chemicals which help the message “jump” across the synapse i.e. Dopamine, Epinephrine Acetylcholine Endorphins are neurotransmitters produced in the brain that reduce pain They have also been known to induce euphoria. Drugs such as morphine, heroine and cocaine are classic endorphin-releasing entities Laughter, chocolate, acupuncture, exercise trigger an endorphin release “runner’s high” All neurons have 2 characteristics: 1. irritability: neurons can react when stimulated 2. conductivity: neurons can transmit an impulse to another neuron 3 Types of Neurons SENSORY NEURONS (AFFERENT) – emerge from the skin or sense organs, carry impulses to spinal cord and brain MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT) – carry messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands INTERNEURONS (ASSOCIATIVE NEURONS)– carry impulses “in between” sensory neurons and motor neurons found in the spinal cord
