Download Physiology 1B

PHYSIOLOGY 1B
By: Ryan Batten, Taylor Olson, Chloe Arnold, Sophie Charlot, and Reid Ponder
REFLEX ARCH
 1. Detection of signals from the outside
environment of detection of deviation
(change) from homeostasis from the internal
environment
 2. Integration of multiple signals from
outside and inside to produce appropriate
response
 Response to counteract stimulus being
detected
 This system builds the reflex arch.
THE BRAIN
ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL
N E RVO U S S Y S T E M ( P N S )
PNS
Sensory
Sensing
External
Environment
Sensing
External
Environment
Motor
Parasympathetic
Slowing Down
Rest and
Digest
Sympathetic
Speeding Up
Fight or
Flight
3 TYPES OF NEURONS
 Sensory Neurons- Neurons that carry incoming information form
the sense to the CNS.
 Interneurons- CNS neurons that internally communicate and
intervene between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs
 Motor Neurons- Carry outgoing information from the CNS to
muscle glands.
STRUCTURE OF A NEURON
HOW DO NEURONS SEND
SIGNALS

The point of contact at which impulses are passed from one cell to another are known as Synapse

Neurons that transmit impulses to other neurons do not actually touch each other. The small Gap or Space
between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called the Synapse

One importance of the presence of Synapses is that they ensure one-way transmission of impulses in a living
person

The Axon Terminals at Synapse contain tiny vesicles, or sacs. These are known as Neurotansmitters.

Neurotransmitters is a chemcial substance that is used by one neuron to signal another. The impulses is
changed from an electriacal impulse to a chemical impulse
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 Chemical Signals- detects deviation from homeostasis (stimulus) and signals cells
for a coordinated action to counteract the deviation (response)
 Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment
 Send out hormones to the body
 Hormone- A chemical substance formed in the body that is carried in the
bloodstream to affect another part of the body
The goal is to maintain homeostasis
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 Pituitary
 Pancreas
 Thyroid
 Hypothalamus
 Parathyroid
 Adrenal Glands
 Reproductive Glands
TARGET CELLS
ENDOCRINE GLAND CELL
Endocrine Gland
Chemical Hormone
Target Cell
(protein receptor)
Stimulus
Inhibit
Response
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
 What lobe controls speech?
A. Frontal Lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
 What is the order of the
reflex arch?
A. Detection, Integration,
Response
B. Integration, Detection,
Response,
C. Response, Integration,
Detection
MORE QUESTIONS
 What is the Basic cell of the
 How do neurons transmit
nervous system?
signals to each other?
A. Capillary
B. Nephron
C. Neuron
A. Electric Impulses
B. Chemical Transmitters
C. Both A and B
MORE QUESTIONS
 How is the sensory peripheral
 What does the Central
nervous system organized?
Nervous System Consist of ?
A. PNS, sensory, sensing
external environment,
Sensing internal
environment
B. PNS, sensory,
parasympathetic
C. PNS, sensory, fight or
flight
A. Neurons and other cells
associated
B. Brain and Spinal Chord
C. Neurons and Axons
MORE QUESTIONS
 What are the 3 types of
 What is the purpose of the
neurons?
endocrine system?
A. Sensory Neurons, Motor
Neurons, Inter Neurons
B. Spinal Neurons, Brain
Neurons, Connecting
Neurons
C. Heart Neurons, Bone
Neurons, Muscular
Neurons
A. Maintain homeostasis by
releasing hormones.
B. Provide cells with
nutrients
C. Retain the shape of
organisms
MORE QUESTIONS
 Where is the Pituitary Gland?
A. Near the stomach
B. Base of the skull
C. Directly above the bone
 What is the point of contact
at which impulses are passed
from one cell to another?
A. Schwann Cell
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Synapse
QUESTION KEY
 A
 A
 C
 C
 A
 B
 A
 B
 B
 C