Download Chapter 24

Chapter 24
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The functional unit of the nervous system is the
neuron.
brain.
nerve.
spinal cord.
neuroglia.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
__________ neurons either act as receptors of stimuli or are activated by receptors.
Effector
Sensory
Connecting
Association
Motor
3. __________ neurons transmit information to the major integrating centers where
information is processed.
A) Internuncial
B) Motor
C) Sensory
D) Association
E) Efferent
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Neurons that send processed information to muscles and glands are called
transmitters.
activators.
interneurons.
sensory neurons.
motor neurons.
5. The long cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from the neuron cell body is
the
A) effector.
B) apical process.
C) dendrite.
D) cyton.
E) axon.
Page 1
6. The type of ion present in higher concentrations inside the plasma membrane of a
“resting” neuron is
A) potassium.
B) calcium.
C) phosphorus.
D) chloride.
E) sodium.
7. A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate an impulse is called a(n) __________
stimulus.
A) activation
B) threshold
C) inducer
D) initiation
E) refractory
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A neuron that is not conducting a nerve impulse is a __________ neuron.
depolarized
relaxed
resting
latent
plasma
9. The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is
called the
A) neuroglia.
B) threshold.
C) end bouton.
D) synapse.
E) action potential.
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The principle that states that an axon will “fire” at full power or not at all is the
neuronal law.
axonal restraint.
synaptic restraint.
graduated response.
all-or-none law.
11. In many neurons, the cell which produces a lipid sheath around the axon or dendrite is
called the
A) neurolemmocyte.
B) tectum.
C) ependymal cell.
D) choroid plexus.
E) ganglion.
Page 2
12. Motor neurons comprising the __________ nervous system relay commands to skeletal
muscles.
A) involuntary
B) somatic (voluntary)
C) visceral
D) parasympathetic
E) autonomic
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Groups of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are called
motor units.
ganglia.
neurolemmocytes.
nuclei.
white matter.
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called
nuclei.
neuroglia.
nucleoli.
neurolemmocytes.
ganglia.
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Bundles of neuronal fibers in the central nervous system are called
tracts.
nuclei.
ganglia.
nerves.
plexi.
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Bundles of neuronal fibers in the peripheral nervous system are called
ganglia.
nerves.
tracts.
nuclei.
neurolemmocytes.
17. The white matter of the spinal cord gets its name because it is made up of fibers covered
with a material which has a whitish color, referred to as
A) myosin.
B) troponin.
C) myelin.
D) actin.
E) keratin.
Page 3
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The protective membranes around the spinal cord are called the
myelin sheaths.
menisci.
synaptic boutons.
meninges.
Schwann sheaths.
19. The innermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord, and containing blood vessels that
nourish the cord, is the
A) arachnoid.
B) dura mater.
C) myelinoid.
D) menix.
E) pia mater.
20. The brain area that contains reflex centers for breathing and cardiovascular functions is
the
A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) diencephalon.
21. The brain area that functions in coordination of activities such as limb movement and
spatial orientation is the
A) cerebrum.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) pons.
D) optic tectum.
E) cerebellum.
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The optic nerves contain
both sensory and motor axons.
only motor axons.
both sensory and motor dendrites.
only motor dendrites.
only sensory axons.
23. The __________ component of the autonomic nervous system arises from the brain and
from the sacral region of the spinal cord.
A) somatic
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral
D) sympathetic
E) peripathetic
Page 4
24. During the evolution of the mammals towards more complex brains, the __________
expanded greatly.
A) pineal body
B) hypothalamus
C) diencephalon
D) telencephalon
E) corpora quadrigemina
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The nervous system of the cnidarians is a(n) __________.
hypercephalic net
radial net
cephalized net
nerve net
ladder-like net
26. The concentration of receptors and nervous tissue in an animal's anterior end is referred
to as
A) lateralization.
B) anteriorization.
C) caudalization.
D) localization.
E) cephalization.
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Sensory nerves
directly control a muscle group.
carry an impulse from the CNS to a sense organ.
carry a nerve impulse from a sense organ to the CNS.
carry a nerve impulse to a muscle.
carry a nerve impulse both to and from a sense organ.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
“Giant axons” in certain invertebrates
always go directly to the brain.
carry impulses from the eyes to the CNS.
do not end at synapses.
increase the speed of impulse travel.
directly contact another axon.
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Conduction along myelinated fibers is known as saltatory conduction because
sodium ions are especially abundant in this kind of fiber.
the sodium pump is responsible for generating action potentials.
action potentials are generated only between nodes.
the “all-or-none” threshold “jumps” in this kind of fiber.
action potentials “jump” from one node to the next.
Page 5
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves in reptiles, birds, and mammals.
12
10
8
4
2
31. Generally, the number of spinal nerves is directly related to the number of __________
of a vertebrate.
A) appendages
B) motor nerves
C) synapses
D) sensory organs
E) segments in the trunk and tail
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The vertebrate cerebellum functions in
control of motor coordination.
control of body temperature.
control of respiration.
control of unconscious activity.
screening impulses to prevent unnecessary activity.
33. In the vertebrate peripheral nervous system, pathways composed of individual
__________ bundled together like strands of a telephone cable are called nerves.
A) dendrites
B) axons
C) tracts
D) cell bodies
E) neurons
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The largest part of the human brain is the
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
cerebrum.
medulla oblongata.
pons.
35. In __________, there is a progressive increase in size and complexity of the outermost
part of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex.
A) fishes
B) amphibians
C) reptiles
D) birds
E) mammals
Page 6
36. The __________ regulates body temperature, sexual drive, carbohydrate metabolism,
hunger, and thirst.
A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) medulla oblongata
D) hypothalamus
E) optic tectum
37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A hygroreceptor detects
the water content of air.
the water content of food.
the intensity of sound.
a touch by a hygro.
the taste of certain chemicals.
38. A(n) __________ is any form of energy that the animal body is able to detect with its
receptors.
A) transducer
B) stimulus
C) abducens
D) sensor
E) perception
39. All of the following specific receptors, except __________, have been identified in
invertebrates.
A) chemoreceptors
B) georeceptors
C) baroreceptors
D) hygroreceptors
E) phonoreceptors
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Transducers
perceive stimuli.
interpret and integrate stimuli.
convert generator potential to potential energy.
convert one form of energy into another.
integrate stimuli and effect responses to those stimuli.
41. Reception that gives an animal information about the movement of its body parts and
their positions relative to one another is called
A) interoception.
B) teloreception.
C) proprioception.
D) mechanoreception.
E) nociception.
Page 7
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Receptors that respond to potentially harmful stimuli that produce pain are called
exteroreceptors.
proprioceptors.
interoceptors.
nociceptors.
mechanoreceptors.
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Among the metazoa, all photoreceptors involve the presence of
an image forming cornea.
a light producing pigment.
proprioceptors.
a focusing lens.
a light sensitive pigment.
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Receptors that respond to temperature changes are called
thermoreceptors.
proprioceptors.
interoceptors.
nociceptors.
mechanoreceptors.
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Pit organs of rattlesnakes are a type of
exteroceptor.
photoreceptor.
thermoreceptor.
proprioceptor.
nociceptor.
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The word gustation refers to the sense of
smell.
touch.
hearing.
equilibrium.
taste.
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The __________ system of fish is used for electrical sensing.
lateral-line
olfactory
nasal receptor
interoceptor
teloreceptor
Page 8
48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
__________ is perceived when the skin is touched, but not deformed.
Deep pressure
Light touch
Touch pressure
Vibration
Heat
49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is a type of touch-pressure receptor?
tactile corpuscle
proprioceptor
Pacinian corpuscle
nociceptor
Meissner's corpuscle
50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Compound eyes may be found in all of the following except
members of phylum Annelida.
some bivalves.
grasshoppers.
mammals.
bees.
51.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The sense of smell is known as
olfaction.
proprioception.
inhalation.
nociception.
gustation.
52. The __________ first appeared as a structure concerned with the detection of sound
waves in amphibians.
A) semicircular canals
B) tympanum
C) external auditory canal
D) malleus
E) auricle
53.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The tympanic membrane is the
auricle.
oval window.
eardrum.
incus.
round window.
Page 9
54.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The stapes is also known as the
anvil.
cochlea.
hammer.
stirrup.
otolith.
55.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following animals utilizes echolocation?
bats
whales
some cave dwelling birds
shrews
All of the above.
56. The Eustachian tube extends from the middle ear to what structure and permits
equalization of air pressure.
A) nasopharynx
B) semicircular canal
C) tympanic membrane
D) cochlea
E) tectorial membrane
57.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Sea-sickness or motion-sickness results from
over stimulation of the tympanum.
continuous movement of the fluid of the semicircular canals.
plugging of the Eustachian tube.
damage to the auditory nerve.
a rupture of the oval window.
58.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An area of the inner ear that is concerned with equilibrium is the
tectorial membrane.
organ of Corti.
vestibule.
cochlea.
otolith.
59.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The tough outer coat of the vertebrate eye is the
choroid.
arachnoid.
conjunctiva.
cornea.
sclera.
Page 10
60.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The clear fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is the
aqueous humor.
neurohumor.
choroid.
conjunctive.
vitreous humor.
61. The transparent __________ of the eye is continuous with the sclera and covers the
front part of the eye.
A) retina
B) cornea
C) iris
D) lens
E) conjunctiva
62.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The moist, mucous membrane that covers the eyeball is the
retina.
sclera.
conjunctiva.
cornea.
vitreous body.
63. After dark, the majority of light sensing in the retina is by __________ which do not
differentiate colors.
A) flagellar cells
B) cilia
C) nares
D) rods
E) conjunctiva
64.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Photoreceptors called __________ are involved in color perception in the vertebrates.
rods
lamellae
rhodopsins
iridiae
cones
65.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The median eye of reptiles allows
perception of light and dark.
perception of color vision.
accommodation.
gustation.
perception of infrared radiation.
Page 11
66. Using the __________, fishes can detect direction and force of water currents and the
movement of other animals in the water.
A) Pacinian corpuscles
B) statocysts
C) swim bladder
D) lateral line organs
E) external nares
67.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In invertebrates, the statocyst is the most common form of
georeceptor.
hygroreceptor.
sonoreceptor.
photoreceptor.
electroreceptor.
68. The mass of bright red photoreceptor granules in certain flagellated protozoa is called
a(n)
A) ocellus.
B) stigma.
C) ommatidium.
D) camera eye.
E) compound eye.
69.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which invertebrate sense organ is not matched with its proper stimulus?
baroreceptors—pressure changes
georeceptors—gravity
phonoreceptors—light
chemoreceptors—air- or water-borne molecules
thermoreceptors—temperature
70.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In invertebrates, ocelli
form exceptionally acute images.
do not have light-sensitive pigments.
serve to measure light intensity.
are found only in uniramous arthropods.
are found only in entomostracan crustacea.
71. The best image-forming eyes among the invertebrates are the __________ of squids and
octopods.
A) stigmata
B) ocelli
C) compound eyes
D) complex camera eyes
E) ommatidia
Page 12
72. Most __________ of animals involve projections from the body surface such as bristles,
spines, setae, and tubercles.
A) proprioceptors
B) photoreceptors
C) baroreceptors
D) phonoreceptors
E) tactile receptors
73.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Among the vertebrates, the tympanum first evolved in the
fishes.
amphibians.
reptiles.
birds.
mammals.
74. Since fishes lack the outer and/or middle ear found in other vertebrates, vibrations are
passed from the water through the __________ to the inner ear.
A) lateral line system
B) operculum
C) bones of the skull
D) spinal column
E) external nares
Page 13