NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive UCS. The conditioned response (CR) produced by the CS is often used to index fear expression. Traditionally, CR expression is taken as evidence that an association between the CS and UCS has been formed. In contrast, the UCR is often con ...
... a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive UCS. The conditioned response (CR) produced by the CS is often used to index fear expression. Traditionally, CR expression is taken as evidence that an association between the CS and UCS has been formed. In contrast, the UCR is often con ...
2017
... career. Starting at the auditory nerve for his PhD studies, he worked progressively upwards to cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, superior colliculus, thalamus and cortex - developing techniques as the scientific questions required. A second major facet of Alan’s career is his huge influence as ...
... career. Starting at the auditory nerve for his PhD studies, he worked progressively upwards to cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, superior colliculus, thalamus and cortex - developing techniques as the scientific questions required. A second major facet of Alan’s career is his huge influence as ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
Official PDF , 46 pages
... The processing of numerical information is a dominant feature of everyday life. Whether it is in the context of financial transactions, such as shopping for groceries or in gauging how many people are in a room, we are constantly using numerical information to guide our behavior and make decisions. ...
... The processing of numerical information is a dominant feature of everyday life. Whether it is in the context of financial transactions, such as shopping for groceries or in gauging how many people are in a room, we are constantly using numerical information to guide our behavior and make decisions. ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
July 12-17, 2015 2013 CIAP Group Photo
... Modeling the electrode-neural interface: Moderator Monita Chatterjee 8:30 Michael Heinz: Quantifying envelope coding metrics from auditory-nerve spike trains: implications for predicting speech intelligibility with hearing impairment 9:00 Julie Bierer: Modeling the electrode-neural interface to sele ...
... Modeling the electrode-neural interface: Moderator Monita Chatterjee 8:30 Michael Heinz: Quantifying envelope coding metrics from auditory-nerve spike trains: implications for predicting speech intelligibility with hearing impairment 9:00 Julie Bierer: Modeling the electrode-neural interface to sele ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... 100 ms before the stimulation: 4.9 Hz; mean discharge rate between 15 and 80 ms after the stimulation: 1.8 Hz). This was followed by a period of increased discharge probability lasting from 110 to 180 ms after the RVLM stimulus, during which the 100 RVLM stimuli evoked 86 spikes with a mean latency ...
... 100 ms before the stimulation: 4.9 Hz; mean discharge rate between 15 and 80 ms after the stimulation: 1.8 Hz). This was followed by a period of increased discharge probability lasting from 110 to 180 ms after the RVLM stimulus, during which the 100 RVLM stimuli evoked 86 spikes with a mean latency ...
Implicit Operant Learning of Pain Sens
... corpus callosum (“split-brain”) [89] showed that some abilities of perception are not necessarily represented verbally. This research showed that perception and discrimination of somatosensory stimuli is possible without the person being aware of them—that is, they deny the perception of any stimuli ...
... corpus callosum (“split-brain”) [89] showed that some abilities of perception are not necessarily represented verbally. This research showed that perception and discrimination of somatosensory stimuli is possible without the person being aware of them—that is, they deny the perception of any stimuli ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... mentorship that I received as a graduate student in the Psychology Department at Vanderbilt University. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and mentor, Bunmi Olatunji, who recognized my potential as an applicant many years ago and bravely extended an offer to the only applicant not ...
... mentorship that I received as a graduate student in the Psychology Department at Vanderbilt University. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and mentor, Bunmi Olatunji, who recognized my potential as an applicant many years ago and bravely extended an offer to the only applicant not ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... extensive use of “conditioned reward” in the literature reviewed here. Historically, reinforcement theory has been contrasted with incentive theory as alternative explanatory systems for the type of learning produced by reinforcers or rewards (e.g. Bindra 1974). Because we favor incentive theory, we ...
... extensive use of “conditioned reward” in the literature reviewed here. Historically, reinforcement theory has been contrasted with incentive theory as alternative explanatory systems for the type of learning produced by reinforcers or rewards (e.g. Bindra 1974). Because we favor incentive theory, we ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... time. First is an organism exposed to a learning experience, then at a later time, is the organism re-exposed to a specific experience that reveals the modification that the learning experience has produced. The question is whether the relation between the two experiences has modified the organism i ...
... time. First is an organism exposed to a learning experience, then at a later time, is the organism re-exposed to a specific experience that reveals the modification that the learning experience has produced. The question is whether the relation between the two experiences has modified the organism i ...
A network of topographic numerosity maps in human
... analogous to sensory maps. Following this analogy, we hypothesised that there may be multiple numerosity maps. Numerosity perception is implicated in many cognitive functions including foraging3, multiple object tracking4, dividing attention5, decision making6 and mathematics7-9. Here we use ultrahi ...
... analogous to sensory maps. Following this analogy, we hypothesised that there may be multiple numerosity maps. Numerosity perception is implicated in many cognitive functions including foraging3, multiple object tracking4, dividing attention5, decision making6 and mathematics7-9. Here we use ultrahi ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... neuron, thought to monitor cereal movements, is stimulated (Boyan 1988). The identity of this presumedproprioceptive sensory neuron is unknown. The depolarization that it evokes in other sensory afferents does, however, reduce the amplitude of their spikes and hence their ability to release transmit ...
... neuron, thought to monitor cereal movements, is stimulated (Boyan 1988). The identity of this presumedproprioceptive sensory neuron is unknown. The depolarization that it evokes in other sensory afferents does, however, reduce the amplitude of their spikes and hence their ability to release transmit ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... of LH drives both voracious eating (Hoebel and Teitelbaum, 1962; Margules and Olds, 1962) and production of orofacial behaviors typically associated with aversive tastes (Berridge and Valenstein, 1991). It is reasonable to suggest that LH may play a role in processing the hedonic quality of taste st ...
... of LH drives both voracious eating (Hoebel and Teitelbaum, 1962; Margules and Olds, 1962) and production of orofacial behaviors typically associated with aversive tastes (Berridge and Valenstein, 1991). It is reasonable to suggest that LH may play a role in processing the hedonic quality of taste st ...
Q2 Assessment (2015
... Please place all answers on the Scantron. You may NOT write on this test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. During a hearing test, many sounds were ...
... Please place all answers on the Scantron. You may NOT write on this test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. During a hearing test, many sounds were ...
The transference of benefits between the eyes Does
... characteristic of them and the peak velocity of a 20° saccade can reach more than 450°/second (Leigh & Zee, 2015). There is an interesting relationship between amplitude and both the velocity and duration of a saccade. This relationship has been named the “main sequence” after the astronomical term ...
... characteristic of them and the peak velocity of a 20° saccade can reach more than 450°/second (Leigh & Zee, 2015). There is an interesting relationship between amplitude and both the velocity and duration of a saccade. This relationship has been named the “main sequence” after the astronomical term ...
The Return of Extinguished Conditioned Behaviour in Humans: New
... later time was made by Pavlov (1927) when he observed spontaneous recovery in his experiments with dogs. Research on other means by which conditioned responses can return following extinction in animal subjects, such as renewal and reinstatement, began to develop momentum in the late 1970’s (e.g., B ...
... later time was made by Pavlov (1927) when he observed spontaneous recovery in his experiments with dogs. Research on other means by which conditioned responses can return following extinction in animal subjects, such as renewal and reinstatement, began to develop momentum in the late 1970’s (e.g., B ...
Backward Conditioning: Mediation by the Context
... Plexiglas, and the floor was constructed of 0.5-cm diameter stainless steel rods, spaced 2 cm center to center, and connected by NE-2 neon bulbs, which allowed a 1.0-mA constant-current footshock to be delivered by means of a high-voltage AC circuit in series with a 1.0-M⍀ resistor. Each chamber was ...
... Plexiglas, and the floor was constructed of 0.5-cm diameter stainless steel rods, spaced 2 cm center to center, and connected by NE-2 neon bulbs, which allowed a 1.0-mA constant-current footshock to be delivered by means of a high-voltage AC circuit in series with a 1.0-M⍀ resistor. Each chamber was ...
In Honor of I. P. Pavlov
... lifetime of an individual organism has features in common with the selection of members of a population in the evolution of species, but elaboration of that point would take us too far afield; see Skinner, 1981.) A Visit to Russia In 1961, Skinner and his wife Eve spent more than 3 weeks in Russia a ...
... lifetime of an individual organism has features in common with the selection of members of a population in the evolution of species, but elaboration of that point would take us too far afield; see Skinner, 1981.) A Visit to Russia In 1961, Skinner and his wife Eve spent more than 3 weeks in Russia a ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... hypothesized to arise from interactions between neuronal populations, either in the same or different brain areas (Heeger, 1992; Carandini et al., 1997; Carandini and Heeger, 2012; Busse et al., 2009; Chance et al., 2002; Rubin et al., 2013; Rust et al., 2006; Sit et al., 2009), but current models o ...
... hypothesized to arise from interactions between neuronal populations, either in the same or different brain areas (Heeger, 1992; Carandini et al., 1997; Carandini and Heeger, 2012; Busse et al., 2009; Chance et al., 2002; Rubin et al., 2013; Rust et al., 2006; Sit et al., 2009), but current models o ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... The CN is the first relay station of the CAS. It receives inputs from the 8th cranial nerve, the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleu ...
... The CN is the first relay station of the CAS. It receives inputs from the 8th cranial nerve, the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleu ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... trials, 10 UCS alone trials). In total, there were 14 test trials for each stimulus (4 from the acquisition phase, 10 from the test phase). The 14 test trials were grouped into the first seven test trials (Early test trials) and the last seven test trials (Late test trials) for further analysis. The ...
... trials, 10 UCS alone trials). In total, there were 14 test trials for each stimulus (4 from the acquisition phase, 10 from the test phase). The 14 test trials were grouped into the first seven test trials (Early test trials) and the last seven test trials (Late test trials) for further analysis. The ...
Brood Odor Discrimination Abilities in Hygienic Honey Bees (Apis
... odor (CS⫹) was paired with a sucrose reward (unconditioned stimulus, US⫹) and the other odor (CS⫺) was paired with a salt punishment (US⫺). It was recorded whether or not the bees extended their proboscises to the presentation of the CS before the application of the US. Bees that learned to discrimi ...
... odor (CS⫹) was paired with a sucrose reward (unconditioned stimulus, US⫹) and the other odor (CS⫺) was paired with a salt punishment (US⫺). It was recorded whether or not the bees extended their proboscises to the presentation of the CS before the application of the US. Bees that learned to discrimi ...