Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... these results might be extended to the description of anterograde amnesia in human patients. ...
... these results might be extended to the description of anterograde amnesia in human patients. ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... separated by 5 mm. The stimulus ( °10 mA, 200 ms, 1 Hz) was a single shock sufficient to produce a maximal DRP on the L6 dorsal root. GASTROCNEMIUS NERVE. The lateral and medial nerves to gastrocnemius were dissected separately in the popliteal fossa, cut, and freed of connective tissue up to the sc ...
... separated by 5 mm. The stimulus ( °10 mA, 200 ms, 1 Hz) was a single shock sufficient to produce a maximal DRP on the L6 dorsal root. GASTROCNEMIUS NERVE. The lateral and medial nerves to gastrocnemius were dissected separately in the popliteal fossa, cut, and freed of connective tissue up to the sc ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... colorectal sensory processing is more important than that of the ventrolateral pathways to the thalamic ventrobasal complex. Most DC-ML neurons that respond to visceral painful stimuli are also sensitive to gentle skin manipulation, such as brushing (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a,b, 1997a, 1998); therefore ...
... colorectal sensory processing is more important than that of the ventrolateral pathways to the thalamic ventrobasal complex. Most DC-ML neurons that respond to visceral painful stimuli are also sensitive to gentle skin manipulation, such as brushing (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a,b, 1997a, 1998); therefore ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... Though all of the models are similar in their qualitative predictions as to how unsignaled USs should affect acquisition, they differ in detail. In particular, rate expectancy theory (RET; Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000) makes the prediction not shared by the other theories that ITI reinforcers should hav ...
... Though all of the models are similar in their qualitative predictions as to how unsignaled USs should affect acquisition, they differ in detail. In particular, rate expectancy theory (RET; Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000) makes the prediction not shared by the other theories that ITI reinforcers should hav ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
... to direct stimulation by light. As will presently be seen, this is true for retractormuscle preparations of Cucumaria. For this reason all experiments were conducted in a light-tight dark room; a heavily shaded neon light was used for short periods when it was necessary to check the progress of an e ...
... to direct stimulation by light. As will presently be seen, this is true for retractormuscle preparations of Cucumaria. For this reason all experiments were conducted in a light-tight dark room; a heavily shaded neon light was used for short periods when it was necessary to check the progress of an e ...
Learning - cloudfront.net
... et al., 2010). (Is there something you’d like to make a routine part of your life? Just do it every day for two months, or a bit longer for exercise, and you likely will find yourself with a new habit.) Other animals also learn by association. Disturbed by a squirt of water, the sea slug Aplysia prot ...
... et al., 2010). (Is there something you’d like to make a routine part of your life? Just do it every day for two months, or a bit longer for exercise, and you likely will find yourself with a new habit.) Other animals also learn by association. Disturbed by a squirt of water, the sea slug Aplysia prot ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... according to the problem being studied. In the present case the axons of cells in the vestibular and reticular nuclei that run directly to the motor nucleus and are stimulated by the shock are not called intemuncials because they are made to play the role of afferent fibers; but if the shocks were d ...
... according to the problem being studied. In the present case the axons of cells in the vestibular and reticular nuclei that run directly to the motor nucleus and are stimulated by the shock are not called intemuncials because they are made to play the role of afferent fibers; but if the shocks were d ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... direct quantitative comparison between different studies is complicated by the fact that different odor spectra have been tested and different odor concentrations have been used. Moreover, individual studies typically focused on recordings of either LNs or PNs and thus within-study comparisons typic ...
... direct quantitative comparison between different studies is complicated by the fact that different odor spectra have been tested and different odor concentrations have been used. Moreover, individual studies typically focused on recordings of either LNs or PNs and thus within-study comparisons typic ...
Complex Motion Perception and its Deficits
... combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodied in this abstract representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex [22]. ...
... combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodied in this abstract representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex [22]. ...
Generalization of Fear Effects in Reinstatement to a Discrete Stimulus
... stimulus. McAllister and McAllister (2006) reported that reinstated fear could generalize over time to similar contexts. The present study aimed to determine if reinstated fear could generalize to similar or different stimuli than conditioning after a long delay between reinstatement and testing. Ra ...
... stimulus. McAllister and McAllister (2006) reported that reinstated fear could generalize over time to similar contexts. The present study aimed to determine if reinstated fear could generalize to similar or different stimuli than conditioning after a long delay between reinstatement and testing. Ra ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus or CS) leading the neutral stimulus to elicit anxiety associated with the anticipation of the aversive stimulus (conditioned response or CR). This literature dates back to the classical conditioning studies conducted by Ivan Pavlov (1927) and John B. Watson and ...
... neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus or CS) leading the neutral stimulus to elicit anxiety associated with the anticipation of the aversive stimulus (conditioned response or CR). This literature dates back to the classical conditioning studies conducted by Ivan Pavlov (1927) and John B. Watson and ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... To quantitatively evaluate the performance gain achieved by the strategies described in the previous section, the network's performance is measured by calculating the capacity of the network as a function of synaptic deletion levels. The capacity is measured as the maximal number of memories which c ...
... To quantitatively evaluate the performance gain achieved by the strategies described in the previous section, the network's performance is measured by calculating the capacity of the network as a function of synaptic deletion levels. The capacity is measured as the maximal number of memories which c ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... fraction F of time-locked spikes was computed as Axc/N1 * NMUA/ AMUA, where Axc is the area of the peak of the cross-correlogram (CCG), AMUA is the area of peak of the MUA autocorrelogram, N1 is number of spikes of the analyzed single neuron, and NMUA is number of spikes in MUA. F lies in the range ...
... fraction F of time-locked spikes was computed as Axc/N1 * NMUA/ AMUA, where Axc is the area of the peak of the cross-correlogram (CCG), AMUA is the area of peak of the MUA autocorrelogram, N1 is number of spikes of the analyzed single neuron, and NMUA is number of spikes in MUA. F lies in the range ...
Reflex Facilitation During Eyeblink Conditioning and Subsequent
... CS and the US at the beginning of the experiment and thereby to capture the responses when they were most naive. Experience has shown that in our setting, 60 paired trials are usually not enough for the development of a CR. Therefore, by the last trial in the first session, the URs should not yet be ...
... CS and the US at the beginning of the experiment and thereby to capture the responses when they were most naive. Experience has shown that in our setting, 60 paired trials are usually not enough for the development of a CR. Therefore, by the last trial in the first session, the URs should not yet be ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... 74), and spike amplitudes ranging between 60 and 90 mV. Eighteen percent of them were identified formally as projection neurons using morphological and/or physiological criteria (Fig. 1). In agreement with previous Golgi studies (for review, McDonald 1992), neurobiotin-filled neurons were considered ...
... 74), and spike amplitudes ranging between 60 and 90 mV. Eighteen percent of them were identified formally as projection neurons using morphological and/or physiological criteria (Fig. 1). In agreement with previous Golgi studies (for review, McDonald 1992), neurobiotin-filled neurons were considered ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... has not been extensively considered in the literature so far, but it is central to the manuscript presented in Chapter 5: We demonstrate that the behavior of two experiments yields conflicting properties, which suggests that the specific experiments used to study visuomotor learning must be consider ...
... has not been extensively considered in the literature so far, but it is central to the manuscript presented in Chapter 5: We demonstrate that the behavior of two experiments yields conflicting properties, which suggests that the specific experiments used to study visuomotor learning must be consider ...
http://www.uvm.edu/~neurogp/pdfs/Pav_Soc_2009.pdf
... Pavlovian conditioning present the experimenter with a fundamental choice. Entries may not only be characterized as occurring with a certain frequency, but also tend to show distinctive patterns in their persistence over the course of conditioning; hence one might plausibly employ rate of entry as a ...
... Pavlovian conditioning present the experimenter with a fundamental choice. Entries may not only be characterized as occurring with a certain frequency, but also tend to show distinctive patterns in their persistence over the course of conditioning; hence one might plausibly employ rate of entry as a ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... cancer combined (Institute of Medicine, 2011). The effects of pain are extremely expensive not only in terms of health care costs, but also in rehabilitation and lost worker productivity. Pain also places a huge financial and emotional burden on patients and their families. The total national annual ...
... cancer combined (Institute of Medicine, 2011). The effects of pain are extremely expensive not only in terms of health care costs, but also in rehabilitation and lost worker productivity. Pain also places a huge financial and emotional burden on patients and their families. The total national annual ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... and overlapping receptive fields with well-defined centers. S1 responses are directionally selective, with a majority preferring reversed airflow. The onset latency of evoked activity decreases as a function of airflow intensity, with no effect on response magnitude. Furthermore, when dorsal and ven ...
... and overlapping receptive fields with well-defined centers. S1 responses are directionally selective, with a majority preferring reversed airflow. The onset latency of evoked activity decreases as a function of airflow intensity, with no effect on response magnitude. Furthermore, when dorsal and ven ...
Different Orientation Tuning of Near- and Far
... Figure 2. Visual stimuli used to characterize the orientation tuning of near- and farsurround suppression. A, Area summation function for an example cell (same cell as in Fig. 5C). The black curve represents the cell response as a function of the radius of a grating patch centered on the mRF. The pe ...
... Figure 2. Visual stimuli used to characterize the orientation tuning of near- and farsurround suppression. A, Area summation function for an example cell (same cell as in Fig. 5C). The black curve represents the cell response as a function of the radius of a grating patch centered on the mRF. The pe ...
The effect of photoresist contrast on the exposure profiles obtained
... Optical lithography has played a key role in the progress of the semiconductor industry over the past several decades because of its high productivity.1 Optical lithography has progressed by pushing the optical resolution limit, allowing the production of high-density electronic devices. In principl ...
... Optical lithography has played a key role in the progress of the semiconductor industry over the past several decades because of its high productivity.1 Optical lithography has progressed by pushing the optical resolution limit, allowing the production of high-density electronic devices. In principl ...