Acquisition of Behavioral Avoidance
... healthy individuals, avoidance, therefore, is functional if it prevents actual threat. In anxiety disorders, however, avoidance is more recurrent and persistent and not related to realistic threat to the patient (Barlow, 2002), and obtains a pathological quality as it causes severe impairments and c ...
... healthy individuals, avoidance, therefore, is functional if it prevents actual threat. In anxiety disorders, however, avoidance is more recurrent and persistent and not related to realistic threat to the patient (Barlow, 2002), and obtains a pathological quality as it causes severe impairments and c ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have high gain. Under this rule, short term increases in firing rate are ty ...
... optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have high gain. Under this rule, short term increases in firing rate are ty ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
... actually only one of several conditioned responses that develop during associative conditioning (Konorski, 1967; Weinberger, 1982a; Mackintosh, 1985). Thus, rapidly acquired CRs are evident for many responses, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, general body movement, galvanic skin re ...
... actually only one of several conditioned responses that develop during associative conditioning (Konorski, 1967; Weinberger, 1982a; Mackintosh, 1985). Thus, rapidly acquired CRs are evident for many responses, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, general body movement, galvanic skin re ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, peop ...
... difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, peop ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... I am modeling the superior colliculus, a structure in the vertebrate midbrain which receives and integrates multi-sensory information to localize objects and events in the world and generate orienting actions. To model the superior colliculus, I use artificial neural networks. The goal is to provide ...
... I am modeling the superior colliculus, a structure in the vertebrate midbrain which receives and integrates multi-sensory information to localize objects and events in the world and generate orienting actions. To model the superior colliculus, I use artificial neural networks. The goal is to provide ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... Representation-specific ERP components would thus support the independence of syntax and semantics. Similarly, language-specific ERP components would support the modular nature of the language processor. Naturally, identifying such an effect would require a relatively direct relationship between the ...
... Representation-specific ERP components would thus support the independence of syntax and semantics. Similarly, language-specific ERP components would support the modular nature of the language processor. Naturally, identifying such an effect would require a relatively direct relationship between the ...
pavlovian to instrumental transfer in the peak procedure
... needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which motivational manipulations influence responding in the peak procedure. Incentive Salience and Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer The theory of incentive salience provides one avenue of explanation that may provide some insight into how motivational manipulati ...
... needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which motivational manipulations influence responding in the peak procedure. Incentive Salience and Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer The theory of incentive salience provides one avenue of explanation that may provide some insight into how motivational manipulati ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
Opponent interactions between serotonin and dopamine
... reflects the TD error plus some constant background firing rate, so that negative error produces a pause in neuronal firing. This device, in itself, does not provide a practical solution to the problem of communicating negative values with a firing rate, since the baseline is extremely weak, and the ...
... reflects the TD error plus some constant background firing rate, so that negative error produces a pause in neuronal firing. This device, in itself, does not provide a practical solution to the problem of communicating negative values with a firing rate, since the baseline is extremely weak, and the ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... This enhanced sensitivity depends on summing inputs from many LGN neurons. While the contrast sensitivity of the subcortical M channel is greater than that of the P channel (Shapley and Kaplan, 1986), appropriate summation of signals from either channel could easily account for the sensitivity found ...
... This enhanced sensitivity depends on summing inputs from many LGN neurons. While the contrast sensitivity of the subcortical M channel is greater than that of the P channel (Shapley and Kaplan, 1986), appropriate summation of signals from either channel could easily account for the sensitivity found ...
Modeling multiple time scale firing rate adaptation in a neural
... where c is an arbitrary constant. Thus, the dynamics of adaptation differ depending on whether one refers t o the response to a step stimulus or to the dynamics of the adaptation variable. The two methods produce equivalent results when k1h'(t)=k2 −k2h(t), where k1 and k2 are constants, which gives ...
... where c is an arbitrary constant. Thus, the dynamics of adaptation differ depending on whether one refers t o the response to a step stimulus or to the dynamics of the adaptation variable. The two methods produce equivalent results when k1h'(t)=k2 −k2h(t), where k1 and k2 are constants, which gives ...
DogNostics Definitive Dictionary
... A training process which makes use of clicking and reinforcing behavior which the learner already knows. By clicking and reinforcing for this naturally occurring behavior it can then be placed on cue and be “captured.” Case Study A description of the history and behavior modification of a particular ...
... A training process which makes use of clicking and reinforcing behavior which the learner already knows. By clicking and reinforcing for this naturally occurring behavior it can then be placed on cue and be “captured.” Case Study A description of the history and behavior modification of a particular ...
2906_lect8
... biochemical theory for how chemicals come to be perceived as specific odors. Contends that different scents—as a function of odorant-shape to OR-shape fit—activate different arrays of olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium ...
... biochemical theory for how chemicals come to be perceived as specific odors. Contends that different scents—as a function of odorant-shape to OR-shape fit—activate different arrays of olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium ...
Ciccarelli 5: Learning
... Before conditioning takes place, the sound of the metronome does not cause salivation and is a neutral stimulus, or NS. During conditioning, the sound of the metronome occurs just before the presentation of the food, the UCS. The food causes salivation, the UCR. When conditioning has occurred after ...
... Before conditioning takes place, the sound of the metronome does not cause salivation and is a neutral stimulus, or NS. During conditioning, the sound of the metronome occurs just before the presentation of the food, the UCS. The food causes salivation, the UCR. When conditioning has occurred after ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... This between-hemifield condition served to control for post-perceptual effects concerning arousal, emotional biasing, and/or semantic interactions, which should be similar for the within-hemifield and between-hemifield conditions. Only in the within-hemifield condition, in which two faces fell withi ...
... This between-hemifield condition served to control for post-perceptual effects concerning arousal, emotional biasing, and/or semantic interactions, which should be similar for the within-hemifield and between-hemifield conditions. Only in the within-hemifield condition, in which two faces fell withi ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED MEANING
... that function in behavioral sequences only as controlling stimuli for subsequent responses (Hull, 1930). Osgood (1953) specifically acknowledged the contribution of previous Hullian propositions in the development of his account of the "representational mediation process" as the implicit mediator co ...
... that function in behavioral sequences only as controlling stimuli for subsequent responses (Hull, 1930). Osgood (1953) specifically acknowledged the contribution of previous Hullian propositions in the development of his account of the "representational mediation process" as the implicit mediator co ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... receptors [26–28]. In HPC framework, this job is hypothesized to be completed by concurrent prediction-correction mechanism along the hierarchy of the visual system. Accordingly, each higher visual area (say V2) attempt to predict response at its lower area (say V1) on the basis of the learned stati ...
... receptors [26–28]. In HPC framework, this job is hypothesized to be completed by concurrent prediction-correction mechanism along the hierarchy of the visual system. Accordingly, each higher visual area (say V2) attempt to predict response at its lower area (say V1) on the basis of the learned stati ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
Avoidance
... passage of time during the R-S interval. Those occurring just before shock delivery (near the end of the R-S interval) become aversive through classical conditioning. Anger called these “conditioned aversive temporal stimuli” or “CATS.” A lever-press resets the interval and thus replaces highly aver ...
... passage of time during the R-S interval. Those occurring just before shock delivery (near the end of the R-S interval) become aversive through classical conditioning. Anger called these “conditioned aversive temporal stimuli” or “CATS.” A lever-press resets the interval and thus replaces highly aver ...
c. operant conditioning.
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...