polyneuronal innervation of the fast muscles of the marine teleost
... of two axons whose terminal processes intertwine and run adjacent to each other. In many instances these regions were actually found to be supplied by the branches of one axon (PI. 3(c)). In others (for example, PL 3(
... of two axons whose terminal processes intertwine and run adjacent to each other. In many instances these regions were actually found to be supplied by the branches of one axon (PI. 3(c)). In others (for example, PL 3(
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... Observers (lying on their backs) viewed stimuli through a custommade stereoscope (made of a set of 2 mirrors and a pair of 8⫻ binoculars, 320 cm from the display) that allowed separate projection of left and right halves of the LCD monitor (NEC multisynch LCD 2000, placed inside a Faraday box) to le ...
... Observers (lying on their backs) viewed stimuli through a custommade stereoscope (made of a set of 2 mirrors and a pair of 8⫻ binoculars, 320 cm from the display) that allowed separate projection of left and right halves of the LCD monitor (NEC multisynch LCD 2000, placed inside a Faraday box) to le ...
SR associations, their extinction, and recovery in an animal model of
... can account for fear of a CS without recall of its causes, that is, effective USs. But more controlled studies are needed to properly assess this possibility. An associative model of exposure treatment and relapses In a related line of research, experimental extinction of Pavlovian conditioning has ...
... can account for fear of a CS without recall of its causes, that is, effective USs. But more controlled studies are needed to properly assess this possibility. An associative model of exposure treatment and relapses In a related line of research, experimental extinction of Pavlovian conditioning has ...
Cibarial pump reflex and olfactory learning
... from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protruded from the end of the plastic tube. Specifically, if any of these indicators showed an increase in activity as a resul ...
... from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protruded from the end of the plastic tube. Specifically, if any of these indicators showed an increase in activity as a resul ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... (including planes, cars and chairs). There were 90 images for each category (30 images per subcategory). Each stimulus was presented in four different signal levels. Each signal level was generated by assigning grayscale levels randomly chosen from a uniform distribution to X% of image pixels, where ...
... (including planes, cars and chairs). There were 90 images for each category (30 images per subcategory). Each stimulus was presented in four different signal levels. Each signal level was generated by assigning grayscale levels randomly chosen from a uniform distribution to X% of image pixels, where ...
Slides - Computational Brain Imaging Group
... represents an individual participant. Panel C shows the signature response versus the pain intensity for heat, pain-anticipation, and pain-recall conditions. Signature response values were calculated by taking the dot product of the signature-pattern weights and parameter estimates from a standard, ...
... represents an individual participant. Panel C shows the signature response versus the pain intensity for heat, pain-anticipation, and pain-recall conditions. Signature response values were calculated by taking the dot product of the signature-pattern weights and parameter estimates from a standard, ...
The IMS 1270 CIPS user`s manual (3)
... that some incident ions do not produce any signal at the EM output (See below the sections § EM output and discriminator threshold ). It may occur that two or more ions impinge the EM first dynode within a time interval small enough to be detected as a single ion. This effect is known as EM dead tim ...
... that some incident ions do not produce any signal at the EM output (See below the sections § EM output and discriminator threshold ). It may occur that two or more ions impinge the EM first dynode within a time interval small enough to be detected as a single ion. This effect is known as EM dead tim ...
PDF
... natural circuitry by perturbing the circuitry to generate percepts (Stanley, 2013). The ability to perturb activity within a system can provide important insights into the contribution of its components. Several previous studies have shown that animals can detect a focal stimulation of A1 with a wea ...
... natural circuitry by perturbing the circuitry to generate percepts (Stanley, 2013). The ability to perturb activity within a system can provide important insights into the contribution of its components. Several previous studies have shown that animals can detect a focal stimulation of A1 with a wea ...
Document
... 47. The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS is called higher-order conditioning. T (63) 48. One way to test for the effects of conditioning is to use test trials. T (65). 49. If a CS is presented several times alone, and is then repeatedly paired with a US, conditionin ...
... 47. The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS is called higher-order conditioning. T (63) 48. One way to test for the effects of conditioning is to use test trials. T (65). 49. If a CS is presented several times alone, and is then repeatedly paired with a US, conditionin ...
Models of bodily expression perception
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... electrodes; if, however, the error rates are high, then we will know that tetrodes not only improve our ability to separate and cluster action potential waveforms, but the added spatial information is necessary to avoid classification errors when sorting multi-unit information. In the second chapter ...
... electrodes; if, however, the error rates are high, then we will know that tetrodes not only improve our ability to separate and cluster action potential waveforms, but the added spatial information is necessary to avoid classification errors when sorting multi-unit information. In the second chapter ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... generated. We first observed the effect of the interstimulus interval on subsequent responses. The sound stimuli had a duration of 50 ms and an intensity of 80--90 dB, being identical for both the first and second stimulus. Pairs of same intensity white noise stimuli were separated by different inters ...
... generated. We first observed the effect of the interstimulus interval on subsequent responses. The sound stimuli had a duration of 50 ms and an intensity of 80--90 dB, being identical for both the first and second stimulus. Pairs of same intensity white noise stimuli were separated by different inters ...
Task demands determine the specificity of the search template Mary
... exemplars from a category, and even when repeated search involves the same object, variation in the pose of the object will cause variation in its appearance. Target variation due to exemplar variation or pose variation necessitates search templates that not only distinguish the target from the dist ...
... exemplars from a category, and even when repeated search involves the same object, variation in the pose of the object will cause variation in its appearance. Target variation due to exemplar variation or pose variation necessitates search templates that not only distinguish the target from the dist ...
external stimulus initially "goaded" the ani
... By 1946 Skinner's book,had sold only 550 copies of an original printing of 800 (Skinner, 1979) and the plates had gone into scrap because of the shortage of lead during the war. But Columbia's Keller and Schoenfeld adopted The Behavior of Organisms in their new course based on reinforcement principl ...
... By 1946 Skinner's book,had sold only 550 copies of an original printing of 800 (Skinner, 1979) and the plates had gone into scrap because of the shortage of lead during the war. But Columbia's Keller and Schoenfeld adopted The Behavior of Organisms in their new course based on reinforcement principl ...
Can Auditory Playback Condition Predator
... there was no stimulus in the box. We opened and closed the box during these sessions to habituate subjects to the movement. We considered the tamarins habituated when they stopped displaying arousal or anxiety to the moving lid. All subjects habituated rapidly and showed no signs of needing addition ...
... there was no stimulus in the box. We opened and closed the box during these sessions to habituate subjects to the movement. We considered the tamarins habituated when they stopped displaying arousal or anxiety to the moving lid. All subjects habituated rapidly and showed no signs of needing addition ...
PATHWAYS OF THREAT-AVOIDANCE 1 Safe From Harm: Learned
... virtue of Pavlovian conditioning, the warning signal comes to function as a CS and elicits fear because of its prior relationship with the US when the avoidance response is not made. Avoidance is learned via operant negative reinforcement when the probability of emitting the avoidance response in th ...
... virtue of Pavlovian conditioning, the warning signal comes to function as a CS and elicits fear because of its prior relationship with the US when the avoidance response is not made. Avoidance is learned via operant negative reinforcement when the probability of emitting the avoidance response in th ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... locations in the search array (Fig. 1A). For a trial to count as valid, the monkey was required to grasp the lever and maintain it at a center position, fixate the central spot (400–800 ms), wait for the search array to appear and, while maintaining fixation on the central spot, turn the lever to repo ...
... locations in the search array (Fig. 1A). For a trial to count as valid, the monkey was required to grasp the lever and maintain it at a center position, fixate the central spot (400–800 ms), wait for the search array to appear and, while maintaining fixation on the central spot, turn the lever to repo ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
Session
... Test for evaluating whether a goal or objective is viable. If a dead man can do it, then it may not be a functional, useful goal. Absence of reinforcer for a period of time, thereby making that event more effective as a reinforcer. An instructional method wherein the client is presented with formal ...
... Test for evaluating whether a goal or objective is viable. If a dead man can do it, then it may not be a functional, useful goal. Absence of reinforcer for a period of time, thereby making that event more effective as a reinforcer. An instructional method wherein the client is presented with formal ...
Chapter 5
... Figure 5.8 Schedules of Reinforcement These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learn ...
... Figure 5.8 Schedules of Reinforcement These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learn ...
Eyeblink conditioning with a noise burst as unconditioned stimulus
... after CS onset to US onset. This interval was chosen to ensure alpha responses could not be mistakenly scored as CRs. These eyeblinks are typically terminated between 100 and 120 ms after CS onset and are considered reflexive responses to this stimulus. Voluntary responses are another form of non-as ...
... after CS onset to US onset. This interval was chosen to ensure alpha responses could not be mistakenly scored as CRs. These eyeblinks are typically terminated between 100 and 120 ms after CS onset and are considered reflexive responses to this stimulus. Voluntary responses are another form of non-as ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... contain the contribution of many other cognitive factors (Polich and Herbst, 2000; Herrmann and Knight, 2001). Oscillatory neural activity in the frequency range of 14 –30 Hz occurring at both pre- and post-central cortical sites (Murthy and Fetz, 1992; Sanes and Donoghue, 1993; MacKay and Mendonca, ...
... contain the contribution of many other cognitive factors (Polich and Herbst, 2000; Herrmann and Knight, 2001). Oscillatory neural activity in the frequency range of 14 –30 Hz occurring at both pre- and post-central cortical sites (Murthy and Fetz, 1992; Sanes and Donoghue, 1993; MacKay and Mendonca, ...
Comparing functional connectivity via thresholding correlations and
... resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements over time, then we could say that they are functionally connected, even though there may be no direct neuronal connection between these two regions. We can extend this idea to any image measurements. For example, if two regions of the brain show similar anatomic ...
... resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements over time, then we could say that they are functionally connected, even though there may be no direct neuronal connection between these two regions. We can extend this idea to any image measurements. For example, if two regions of the brain show similar anatomic ...