Elective Psych Final Review ~ 2014 Name: Directions: It would, of
... In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) was In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) was Watson and Rayner's (1920) research using Little Albert was important for showing that… In the Little Albert studi ...
... In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) was In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) was Watson and Rayner's (1920) research using Little Albert was important for showing that… In the Little Albert studi ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... stimulus was held constant and was determined by the distance between grid locations. To measure surround inhibition, the stimuli appeared at a single location, the receptive field center, but varied in size. We typically tested five sizes for a given neuron (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32°). The specific si ...
... stimulus was held constant and was determined by the distance between grid locations. To measure surround inhibition, the stimuli appeared at a single location, the receptive field center, but varied in size. We typically tested five sizes for a given neuron (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32°). The specific si ...
The Structure of Pairwise Correlation in Mouse Primary Visual
... All procedures were done within the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult C57/B6 mice (8– 24 weeks) were initially sedated with a mixture of xylazine (10 mg/kg) and fentanyl (10 µg/kg); a ...
... All procedures were done within the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult C57/B6 mice (8– 24 weeks) were initially sedated with a mixture of xylazine (10 mg/kg) and fentanyl (10 µg/kg); a ...
SOP #11 Acoustic Startle and Pre
... on startle is a test parameter. Animals should be kept in a housing facility offering conditions appropriate for other sensitive behavioral measures, including constant ambient temperature and a regular circadian lighting pattern. Startle is best measured in the dark phase of a rat’s circadian cycle ...
... on startle is a test parameter. Animals should be kept in a housing facility offering conditions appropriate for other sensitive behavioral measures, including constant ambient temperature and a regular circadian lighting pattern. Startle is best measured in the dark phase of a rat’s circadian cycle ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... The anterior network is connected to the posterior system via connections between the parietal lobe and the lateral and medial frontal lobes (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). The anterior network in this model is hypothesized to be related to voluntary control of attention and focusing of attention. Posner (19 ...
... The anterior network is connected to the posterior system via connections between the parietal lobe and the lateral and medial frontal lobes (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). The anterior network in this model is hypothesized to be related to voluntary control of attention and focusing of attention. Posner (19 ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... Furthermore, it was shown in a separate study that lateral connections would not be fast enough to account for the time course of the suppression (Bair et al., 2003). It is not obvious how feedback from higher cortical areas can contribute to surround suppression and the other center-surround effect ...
... Furthermore, it was shown in a separate study that lateral connections would not be fast enough to account for the time course of the suppression (Bair et al., 2003). It is not obvious how feedback from higher cortical areas can contribute to surround suppression and the other center-surround effect ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excitatory input from the tympanic nerve to the contralateral T fibre. Some tettigoniids [Mecopoda elongatd) do not have this inhibitory mechanism, which enhances the dir ...
... nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excitatory input from the tympanic nerve to the contralateral T fibre. Some tettigoniids [Mecopoda elongatd) do not have this inhibitory mechanism, which enhances the dir ...
Takehiro Matsumora, Kowa Koida and Hidehiko Komatsu
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a larger BF shift than that observed in step 1, the BFs of IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASt 1 E ...
... of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a larger BF shift than that observed in step 1, the BFs of IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASt 1 E ...
Extinction of the avoidance response and fear reduction through
... The amount of depression of any given ...
... The amount of depression of any given ...
Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control
... tively) (Stahnisch 2009). This differentiation of spinal nerves is known as the Bell-Magendie Law, which is a fundamental aspect of the organization of the nervous system. Concurrently, in Germany, Johannes Müller published a Manual of Physiology, which echoed Charles Bonnet’s manual published one c ...
... tively) (Stahnisch 2009). This differentiation of spinal nerves is known as the Bell-Magendie Law, which is a fundamental aspect of the organization of the nervous system. Concurrently, in Germany, Johannes Müller published a Manual of Physiology, which echoed Charles Bonnet’s manual published one c ...
NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... Money is a secondary reinforcer that acquires its value through social communication and interaction. In everyday human behavior and laboratory studies, money has been shown to influence appetitive or reward learning. It is unclear, however, if money has a similar impact on aversive learning. The go ...
... Money is a secondary reinforcer that acquires its value through social communication and interaction. In everyday human behavior and laboratory studies, money has been shown to influence appetitive or reward learning. It is unclear, however, if money has a similar impact on aversive learning. The go ...
PUNISHMENT - appstate.edu
... response-rate increase while operants are punished. Storms, Boroczi, and Broen (1962) have produced long-lasting suppression of operants in rats.2 Were punishment intensities different? Were punishment durations different? (Storms, Boroczi & Broen, 1963, have shown albino rats to be more resistant t ...
... response-rate increase while operants are punished. Storms, Boroczi, and Broen (1962) have produced long-lasting suppression of operants in rats.2 Were punishment intensities different? Were punishment durations different? (Storms, Boroczi & Broen, 1963, have shown albino rats to be more resistant t ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... Each trial began with the presentation of the warning stimulus. The warning stimulus was shown for a variable duration between 800 and 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a restin ...
... Each trial began with the presentation of the warning stimulus. The warning stimulus was shown for a variable duration between 800 and 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a restin ...
Implicit Associations
... If it’s true that “first impressions are the most lasting”, then it makes no sense why we are able to change our mind so quickly and so often; in fact, a majority of people would probably deny that their first impression is truly permanent. Although this phrase clearly goes against most of what we k ...
... If it’s true that “first impressions are the most lasting”, then it makes no sense why we are able to change our mind so quickly and so often; in fact, a majority of people would probably deny that their first impression is truly permanent. Although this phrase clearly goes against most of what we k ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... structural equation modeling using the covariances of FDG activity. Group differences in interactions between the two pathways were noted mainly at the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate, possibly reflecting the unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascend ...
... structural equation modeling using the covariances of FDG activity. Group differences in interactions between the two pathways were noted mainly at the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate, possibly reflecting the unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascend ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... have been used to decode complex brain states [31] and memory retrieval [32] from frontal brain areas. There are currently few direct comparisons between fMRI adaptation and MVPA, however those investigators that have used both methods in the same experimental paradigm suggest that the two approache ...
... have been used to decode complex brain states [31] and memory retrieval [32] from frontal brain areas. There are currently few direct comparisons between fMRI adaptation and MVPA, however those investigators that have used both methods in the same experimental paradigm suggest that the two approache ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... between the test stimulus and the adapter. At the neuronal level, this specificity means that the tuning of single neurons is altered by adaptation. Recent studies have shown that how tuning is altered depends on the cortical area investigated and on the adaptation paradigm used. Early studies showe ...
... between the test stimulus and the adapter. At the neuronal level, this specificity means that the tuning of single neurons is altered by adaptation. Recent studies have shown that how tuning is altered depends on the cortical area investigated and on the adaptation paradigm used. Early studies showe ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... We compared our method with one that chooses the latency to be the point at which the response difference reaches a criterion statistical significance. Because the latter requires the response to reach a fixed level, the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is un ...
... We compared our method with one that chooses the latency to be the point at which the response difference reaches a criterion statistical significance. Because the latter requires the response to reach a fixed level, the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is un ...
Document
... prediction error = −2ui δi δi = ri − wui = ri − vi Cogmaster CO6 / Christian Machens ...
... prediction error = −2ui δi δi = ri − wui = ri − vi Cogmaster CO6 / Christian Machens ...