Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
Chapter 7 — Learning: How Nurture Changes Us
... Before we do, though, we’d like you to place your brain “on pause” from this chapter for just a few moments. After reading this sentence, put down your pen or highlighter, close your eyes, and attend to several things that you almost never notice: the soft buzzing of the lights in the room, the feel ...
... Before we do, though, we’d like you to place your brain “on pause” from this chapter for just a few moments. After reading this sentence, put down your pen or highlighter, close your eyes, and attend to several things that you almost never notice: the soft buzzing of the lights in the room, the feel ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... factors underlying this loss in performance are not fully known, implantation into the cortex is known to induce a foreign body response that can include inflammation as well as other adverse biological reactions. The formation of glial scarring around individual electrodes (11, 12) can alter or eve ...
... factors underlying this loss in performance are not fully known, implantation into the cortex is known to induce a foreign body response that can include inflammation as well as other adverse biological reactions. The formation of glial scarring around individual electrodes (11, 12) can alter or eve ...
The Influence of Classical Conditioning Procedures on Subsequent
... be used as the US to condition this (approach) behavior" (p. 621; emphasis added). Thus, the desire to approach a conditioned stimulus may be a natural by-product of the conditioning procedure. To appreciate how conditioning might encourage attention, approach behavior, and an affective response sim ...
... be used as the US to condition this (approach) behavior" (p. 621; emphasis added). Thus, the desire to approach a conditioned stimulus may be a natural by-product of the conditioning procedure. To appreciate how conditioning might encourage attention, approach behavior, and an affective response sim ...
The Influence of Classical Conditioning Procedures on Subsequent
... be used as the US to condition this (approach) behavior" (p. 621; emphasis added). Thus, the desire to approach a conditioned stimulus may be a natural by-product of the conditioning procedure. To appreciate how conditioning might encourage attention, approach behavior, and an affective response sim ...
... be used as the US to condition this (approach) behavior" (p. 621; emphasis added). Thus, the desire to approach a conditioned stimulus may be a natural by-product of the conditioning procedure. To appreciate how conditioning might encourage attention, approach behavior, and an affective response sim ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... has been assumed to involve serial processing of environmental information from ‘‘lower” to ‘‘higher” areas. Thus, the primary auditory, somatosensory and visual fields have been assigned the role of ‘‘stimulus analyzers”, performing only sensory/perceptual tasks, whereas their output to adjacent, as ...
... has been assumed to involve serial processing of environmental information from ‘‘lower” to ‘‘higher” areas. Thus, the primary auditory, somatosensory and visual fields have been assigned the role of ‘‘stimulus analyzers”, performing only sensory/perceptual tasks, whereas their output to adjacent, as ...
ExamView - Unit 6 Practice.tst
... 6. Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This BEST illustrates a. spontaneous recovery. b. continuous reinforcement. c. latent learning. d. generalization. e. habituation. ...
... 6. Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This BEST illustrates a. spontaneous recovery. b. continuous reinforcement. c. latent learning. d. generalization. e. habituation. ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
C fibres (dull pain)
... to the safety of a hospital, or even release form the war. This relationship suggests that it is possible for the central nervous system to intervene between the stimulus and the sensation in the presence of certain psychological variables. No physiological evidence has been found to suggest that ce ...
... to the safety of a hospital, or even release form the war. This relationship suggests that it is possible for the central nervous system to intervene between the stimulus and the sensation in the presence of certain psychological variables. No physiological evidence has been found to suggest that ce ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... rest of the range, light adaptation adjusts the sensitivity of neurons through normalization (FIG. 2a), resulting in responses that represent contrast (deviations from the mean over recent time and local space) rather than absolute intensities. Photoreceptor responses increase with the intensity of ...
... rest of the range, light adaptation adjusts the sensitivity of neurons through normalization (FIG. 2a), resulting in responses that represent contrast (deviations from the mean over recent time and local space) rather than absolute intensities. Photoreceptor responses increase with the intensity of ...
PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING - Department of Psychology
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
Full-Text PDF
... Johnston’s organ (JO), located on the pedicel of antennae of several insect species, is specialized for detecting airborne vibrations. This mechanosensory organ is a stretch receptor (chordotonal organ) for detecting distortion on the base of the flagella [9]. Recently, molecular biological methods ...
... Johnston’s organ (JO), located on the pedicel of antennae of several insect species, is specialized for detecting airborne vibrations. This mechanosensory organ is a stretch receptor (chordotonal organ) for detecting distortion on the base of the flagella [9]. Recently, molecular biological methods ...
Different Roles for Amygdala Central Nucleus and Substantia
... 4, we targeted SI/nBM function. In experiments 1 and 3, we examined the effects of inactivation at the time of surprise (phase 2), whereas in experiments 2 and 4, we examined the effects of inactivation at the time of testing. Inactivation was produced by infusions of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro2,3-d ...
... 4, we targeted SI/nBM function. In experiments 1 and 3, we examined the effects of inactivation at the time of surprise (phase 2), whereas in experiments 2 and 4, we examined the effects of inactivation at the time of testing. Inactivation was produced by infusions of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro2,3-d ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... model with the simple and well recognized classical conditioning procedure seems to be an excellent choice to study pathways and mechanisms of associative learning processes and accompanying cortical plasticity. Although the auditory type of fear conditioning is the most common approach in experimen ...
... model with the simple and well recognized classical conditioning procedure seems to be an excellent choice to study pathways and mechanisms of associative learning processes and accompanying cortical plasticity. Although the auditory type of fear conditioning is the most common approach in experimen ...
PAV LOVIAN CONDITIONING AFunctional Perspe ctive
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... level) either in isolation (“mask absent”) or concurrent with a mask stimulus presented to the middle finger at 50% of maximum vibration level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on th ...
... level) either in isolation (“mask absent”) or concurrent with a mask stimulus presented to the middle finger at 50% of maximum vibration level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on th ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... directions under different rules). The same rule was repeated for at least 20 trials before a probabilistic switch. RESULTS Behavioral and Single Unit Evidence for the Dominance of the Orientation Rule ...
... directions under different rules). The same rule was repeated for at least 20 trials before a probabilistic switch. RESULTS Behavioral and Single Unit Evidence for the Dominance of the Orientation Rule ...
Homework Market
... to the treatment of certain kinds of anxiety (Wolpe, 1973, 1990). Wolpe reasoned that because irrational fears are learned (conditioned), they could also be unlearned through conditioning. He noted that it is not possible to be both fearful and relaxed at the same time. Therefore, if people could be ...
... to the treatment of certain kinds of anxiety (Wolpe, 1973, 1990). Wolpe reasoned that because irrational fears are learned (conditioned), they could also be unlearned through conditioning. He noted that it is not possible to be both fearful and relaxed at the same time. Therefore, if people could be ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the superficial blood vessels as landmarks (Fig. 1 E, top panels). Both the size and shape of the imaged and the stained areas are i ...
... signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the superficial blood vessels as landmarks (Fig. 1 E, top panels). Both the size and shape of the imaged and the stained areas are i ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... Classical conditioning is the process of linking an innate behavioral stimulus response with an initially neutral stimulus. This requires first an unconditioned stimulus (US) that produces an innate unconditioned response (UR). For example, upon touching a hot surface one naturally pulls back the ha ...
... Classical conditioning is the process of linking an innate behavioral stimulus response with an initially neutral stimulus. This requires first an unconditioned stimulus (US) that produces an innate unconditioned response (UR). For example, upon touching a hot surface one naturally pulls back the ha ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... AbstractöUnderstanding the mechanisms that in£uence the initiation of action potentials in single neurons is an important step in determining the way information is processed by neural networks. Therefore, we have investigated the properties of action potential thresholds for hippocampal neurons usi ...
... AbstractöUnderstanding the mechanisms that in£uence the initiation of action potentials in single neurons is an important step in determining the way information is processed by neural networks. Therefore, we have investigated the properties of action potential thresholds for hippocampal neurons usi ...