Principles of Neural Science
... does a stimulus lead to subjective experience? By what sequence of physiological events? For the fathers of experimental psychology—Ernst Weber, Gustav Fechner, Hermann Helmholtz, and Wilhelm Wundt—those were the central questions. These researchers soon found that while the senses] P.412 differed i ...
... does a stimulus lead to subjective experience? By what sequence of physiological events? For the fathers of experimental psychology—Ernst Weber, Gustav Fechner, Hermann Helmholtz, and Wilhelm Wundt—those were the central questions. These researchers soon found that while the senses] P.412 differed i ...
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... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 or ‘repetition suppression’19. The possibility to use adaptation to discover specific visual characteristics in human func ...
... V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 or ‘repetition suppression’19. The possibility to use adaptation to discover specific visual characteristics in human func ...
Title Goes Here - Binus Repository
... likelihood that a specific behavior will be repeated in the future in response to a particular cue or stimulus. ...
... likelihood that a specific behavior will be repeated in the future in response to a particular cue or stimulus. ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... respective weight of ‘on’ and ‘off’ responses to preset values in a controlled way, ‘high’ and ‘low’ levels of postsynaptic activity were imposed alternately by extracellular iontophoresis with KCl-filled electrodes, and paired respectively with the presentation (‘on’) and extinction (‘off’) of the ...
... respective weight of ‘on’ and ‘off’ responses to preset values in a controlled way, ‘high’ and ‘low’ levels of postsynaptic activity were imposed alternately by extracellular iontophoresis with KCl-filled electrodes, and paired respectively with the presentation (‘on’) and extinction (‘off’) of the ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... Aside from the systematic representation of frequency (Merzenich and Brugge 1973; Reale and Imig 1980), details of the functional organization of auditory cortex remain controversial. Several studies have provided evidence of compartmental organization within the tonotopic representation of primary ...
... Aside from the systematic representation of frequency (Merzenich and Brugge 1973; Reale and Imig 1980), details of the functional organization of auditory cortex remain controversial. Several studies have provided evidence of compartmental organization within the tonotopic representation of primary ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... Aside from the systematic representation of frequency (Merzenich and Brugge 1973; Reale and Imig 1980), details of the functional organization of auditory cortex remain controversial. Several studies have provided evidence of compartmental organization within the tonotopic representation of primary ...
... Aside from the systematic representation of frequency (Merzenich and Brugge 1973; Reale and Imig 1980), details of the functional organization of auditory cortex remain controversial. Several studies have provided evidence of compartmental organization within the tonotopic representation of primary ...
Chapter 4 - Bakersfield College
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
Psychology 40S Final Exam Review Unit 1
... 1. Define Sensation and Perception – explain the difference 2. What is the difference between an Absolute and a Differential Threshold 3. Define and explain Sensory Adaptation 4. What kinds of things influence a person’s perception? 5. Define Gestalt Psychology a. What do Gestalt psychologist do? b. ...
... 1. Define Sensation and Perception – explain the difference 2. What is the difference between an Absolute and a Differential Threshold 3. Define and explain Sensory Adaptation 4. What kinds of things influence a person’s perception? 5. Define Gestalt Psychology a. What do Gestalt psychologist do? b. ...
Mechanisms of Contour Perception in Monkey Visual Cortex. I. Lines
... usually 10 cd/m2, which was also the luminance of the background. Only binary patterns were used in this study. The stimuli were usually oscillated back and forth at constant speed and frequency, e.g., 1 Hz. The anomalous-contour stimulus was bounded by a stationary fieldstop, not visible by itself, ...
... usually 10 cd/m2, which was also the luminance of the background. Only binary patterns were used in this study. The stimuli were usually oscillated back and forth at constant speed and frequency, e.g., 1 Hz. The anomalous-contour stimulus was bounded by a stationary fieldstop, not visible by itself, ...
Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary
... * Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected]. 0028-3908/98/$19.00 © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0028-3908(98)00069-0 ...
... * Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected]. 0028-3908/98/$19.00 © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0028-3908(98)00069-0 ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
1 MB - Columbia University
... shows that brv2 mutants display dramatic deficits in their avoidance to cold temperatures, even as low as 11 C. Importantly, this defect is due to the loss of the brv2 TRP channel, as introduction of a wild-type gene completely restores normal temperature preference to the mutant flies (Figure S1). ...
... shows that brv2 mutants display dramatic deficits in their avoidance to cold temperatures, even as low as 11 C. Importantly, this defect is due to the loss of the brv2 TRP channel, as introduction of a wild-type gene completely restores normal temperature preference to the mutant flies (Figure S1). ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... before the ®rst odor response. Spike parameters (amplitude, duration, time-to-peak) were analyzed by measuring 4 individual spikes per neuron and measures of several neurons were averaged. For analyzes of odor responses (latency, peristimulus spike frequency, maximum instantaneous frequency, burst d ...
... before the ®rst odor response. Spike parameters (amplitude, duration, time-to-peak) were analyzed by measuring 4 individual spikes per neuron and measures of several neurons were averaged. For analyzes of odor responses (latency, peristimulus spike frequency, maximum instantaneous frequency, burst d ...
Chapter 6: Learning
... arrived. Pavlov recognized that the dog’s association of these sights and sounds with the food was an important type of learning, which came to be called classical conditioning. Pavlov wanted to know why the dog salivated in reaction to various sights and sounds before eating the meat powder. He obs ...
... arrived. Pavlov recognized that the dog’s association of these sights and sounds with the food was an important type of learning, which came to be called classical conditioning. Pavlov wanted to know why the dog salivated in reaction to various sights and sounds before eating the meat powder. He obs ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... and Duncan 1995). The signal necessary for this enhancement could be generated by a saccade-related activation of Pul neurons that are involved in the processing of oculomotor information rather than in object analysis tasks. The analysis of saccade-related responses of single neurons therefore is a ...
... and Duncan 1995). The signal necessary for this enhancement could be generated by a saccade-related activation of Pul neurons that are involved in the processing of oculomotor information rather than in object analysis tasks. The analysis of saccade-related responses of single neurons therefore is a ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... threshold of a curve and thus its sensitivity, divisive adaptation alters the slope and therefore the range of levels that can be encoded at the expense of resolution. Which of these two is at work should depend on the goal of encoding. Many insect pathways are specialized for the processing of high ...
... threshold of a curve and thus its sensitivity, divisive adaptation alters the slope and therefore the range of levels that can be encoded at the expense of resolution. Which of these two is at work should depend on the goal of encoding. Many insect pathways are specialized for the processing of high ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... antagonists. In some animals more than one cell was studied. In these cases, either more than one fiber was used or the dialysis fiber (and VPL electrode) was positioned on the contralateral side. Extracellular activity was monitored with a low-impedance (3-6 MtI) carbon filament in the center barre ...
... antagonists. In some animals more than one cell was studied. In these cases, either more than one fiber was used or the dialysis fiber (and VPL electrode) was positioned on the contralateral side. Extracellular activity was monitored with a low-impedance (3-6 MtI) carbon filament in the center barre ...
Human Economic Choice as Costly Information Processing
... parietal lobe (Dehaene et al., 1990). The projections in terms of neuronal activation of the comparison stimulus are registered on “greater than 55” counter and “less than 55” counter. Which counter hits a barrier first will determine whether the subject indicates that the number is greater than or ...
... parietal lobe (Dehaene et al., 1990). The projections in terms of neuronal activation of the comparison stimulus are registered on “greater than 55” counter and “less than 55” counter. Which counter hits a barrier first will determine whether the subject indicates that the number is greater than or ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of particular importance is a set of image cues revealing surface occlusion and/or lighting conditions. These informationrich cues direct the perceptual interpretation of o ...
... local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of particular importance is a set of image cues revealing surface occlusion and/or lighting conditions. These informationrich cues direct the perceptual interpretation of o ...
Ch. 6 Learning King 3rd Edition Updated 3-15
... weighing twenty-one pounds at nine months of age. He was on the whole solid and unemotional. His stability was one of the principal reasons for using him as a subject in this test. We felt that we could do him relatively little harm by carrying out such experiments as those outlined below." • From " ...
... weighing twenty-one pounds at nine months of age. He was on the whole solid and unemotional. His stability was one of the principal reasons for using him as a subject in this test. We felt that we could do him relatively little harm by carrying out such experiments as those outlined below." • From " ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... Long-range interaction and contextual neurons Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-sur ...
... Long-range interaction and contextual neurons Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-sur ...
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... and direction of these changes appear to be determined by specific features of the behavioral tasks that evoke cortical plasticity. The neural mechanisms responsible for this differential plasticity remain unclear partly because important sensory and cognitive parameters differ among these tasks. In ...
... and direction of these changes appear to be determined by specific features of the behavioral tasks that evoke cortical plasticity. The neural mechanisms responsible for this differential plasticity remain unclear partly because important sensory and cognitive parameters differ among these tasks. In ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... model, and the other a slight variant constructed from a Gabor function and its Hilbert transform. Functionally, these models differed primarily in the size of their DC responses. The Hilbert model produced higher selectivities than the Gabor model, with the two models bracketing the data from above ...
... model, and the other a slight variant constructed from a Gabor function and its Hilbert transform. Functionally, these models differed primarily in the size of their DC responses. The Hilbert model produced higher selectivities than the Gabor model, with the two models bracketing the data from above ...