Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation
... activations for semantic memory structure has been found by Kiefer (2005). The results of his work revealed that repetition priming, though affecting in the same way RTs to natural and artifactual categories, had ERP effects with different scalp locations for each category. Nevertheless, further inv ...
... activations for semantic memory structure has been found by Kiefer (2005). The results of his work revealed that repetition priming, though affecting in the same way RTs to natural and artifactual categories, had ERP effects with different scalp locations for each category. Nevertheless, further inv ...
conditioned
... in behavior brought about by experience or practice – When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned. – Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves is learning. ...
... in behavior brought about by experience or practice – When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned. – Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves is learning. ...
Words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus
... For all subjects the complete brain volume was sampled. Image analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM2, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK). All intra-subject images were aligned on a voxel-byvoxel basis using a 3-D automated six parameters rigid ...
... For all subjects the complete brain volume was sampled. Image analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM2, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK). All intra-subject images were aligned on a voxel-byvoxel basis using a 3-D automated six parameters rigid ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... Sensory Adaptation • Sensory adaptation refers to the fact that repeated or constant stimulation decreases the number of sensory messages sent to the brain, which ...
... Sensory Adaptation • Sensory adaptation refers to the fact that repeated or constant stimulation decreases the number of sensory messages sent to the brain, which ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2833–2851, 1999. Sound localization depends on multiple acoustic cues such as interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) and spectral features introduced by the pinnae. Although many neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) are se ...
... stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2833–2851, 1999. Sound localization depends on multiple acoustic cues such as interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) and spectral features introduced by the pinnae. Although many neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) are se ...
General
... In one group of rats the tone and shock were paired 20 times-the shock always occurred during the tone In another group of rats the tone and shock were paired 20 times just as in the other group, but this group received an additional 20 shocks that were not pair with the tone Only the first gr ...
... In one group of rats the tone and shock were paired 20 times-the shock always occurred during the tone In another group of rats the tone and shock were paired 20 times just as in the other group, but this group received an additional 20 shocks that were not pair with the tone Only the first gr ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005; Welter et al. 2004). However, an important limitation ...
... studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005; Welter et al. 2004). However, an important limitation ...
Inhibition of classically conditioned eyeblink responses by
... Harvey, 1989). CRs in these animals occurred with lower frequencies, were smaller and had longer latencies, but they were not abolished. It was also found that cerebellar nuclear lesions did have an effect, albeit much smaller, on the UR. Amplitudes were decreased and the latency to peak amplitude w ...
... Harvey, 1989). CRs in these animals occurred with lower frequencies, were smaller and had longer latencies, but they were not abolished. It was also found that cerebellar nuclear lesions did have an effect, albeit much smaller, on the UR. Amplitudes were decreased and the latency to peak amplitude w ...
Acquired Equivalence and Distinctiveness of Cues: I. Exploring a
... will be a substantial amount of variability in the levels of food-well responding observed on an AB trial. By contrast, the presentation of AD will activate p, q, r, or s and, because these units are receiving only a single source of activation, the level of food-well entry (or withdrawal) will be l ...
... will be a substantial amount of variability in the levels of food-well responding observed on an AB trial. By contrast, the presentation of AD will activate p, q, r, or s and, because these units are receiving only a single source of activation, the level of food-well entry (or withdrawal) will be l ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to detecting phasic signal changes associated with relatively short-lived processes, such as momentto-moment control adjustments, but no ...
... direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to detecting phasic signal changes associated with relatively short-lived processes, such as momentto-moment control adjustments, but no ...
Preview Chapter 5 - Macmillan Learning
... behavior. Conducting animal research sidesteps many of the ethical dilemmas that arise with human research. It’s generally considered okay to keep rats, cats, and birds in cages to ensure control over experimental variables (as long as they are otherwise treated humanely), but locking up people in l ...
... behavior. Conducting animal research sidesteps many of the ethical dilemmas that arise with human research. It’s generally considered okay to keep rats, cats, and birds in cages to ensure control over experimental variables (as long as they are otherwise treated humanely), but locking up people in l ...
Psychology of Learning
... An example would be pop quizzes Psychology: An Introduction Charles A. Morris & Albert A. Maisto © 2005 Prentice Hall ...
... An example would be pop quizzes Psychology: An Introduction Charles A. Morris & Albert A. Maisto © 2005 Prentice Hall ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... ‘lower’ cortical areas, comes dominantly into layer 4 (L4); L4 projects strongly to layers 2/3 (L2/3); L2/3 provides feedforward input to L4 of ‘higher’ cortical areas, and also projects to L5; L5 provides the only output from cortex other than feedback to thalamus, and also projects to L6; L6 proje ...
... ‘lower’ cortical areas, comes dominantly into layer 4 (L4); L4 projects strongly to layers 2/3 (L2/3); L2/3 provides feedforward input to L4 of ‘higher’ cortical areas, and also projects to L5; L5 provides the only output from cortex other than feedback to thalamus, and also projects to L6; L6 proje ...
Chapter Discussion Topics
... -social reinforcers, some of the most powerful learned reinforcers (approval and attention-positive or negative) -P.187 -If attention was a learned reinforcer that means it hadn’t always been a reinforcer; not born with attention acting as a reinforcer for behavior. Instead, only through learning di ...
... -social reinforcers, some of the most powerful learned reinforcers (approval and attention-positive or negative) -P.187 -If attention was a learned reinforcer that means it hadn’t always been a reinforcer; not born with attention acting as a reinforcer for behavior. Instead, only through learning di ...
NIH Public Access
... PV-ChR2 mice while they performed orientation discrimination. The head-restrained mice were trained on a Go/No-Go task and rewarded for licking in response to a grating at one of two orientations20 (see Methods, Fig. 4a, b, Supplementary Movie 1). For an easy discrimination task (difference between ...
... PV-ChR2 mice while they performed orientation discrimination. The head-restrained mice were trained on a Go/No-Go task and rewarded for licking in response to a grating at one of two orientations20 (see Methods, Fig. 4a, b, Supplementary Movie 1). For an easy discrimination task (difference between ...
Complete Axon Chapter
... 1. Simulate the response of the membrane potential Vm when you stimulate the cell with a square wave of 100 µamps with a 10 msec. duration. An easy way to set up the submodels is to create a formula icon (round ball) for each of the three currents IK, INa, and IL. Connect an arrow from Vm to each of ...
... 1. Simulate the response of the membrane potential Vm when you stimulate the cell with a square wave of 100 µamps with a 10 msec. duration. An easy way to set up the submodels is to create a formula icon (round ball) for each of the three currents IK, INa, and IL. Connect an arrow from Vm to each of ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... elements of the various higher brain functions due to the following reasons. (1) Since different sets of dendritic spine inputs (postsynaptic potentials) can lead to the same action potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousan ...
... elements of the various higher brain functions due to the following reasons. (1) Since different sets of dendritic spine inputs (postsynaptic potentials) can lead to the same action potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousan ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... Invariant Face and Object Recognition certainly not fully distributed. If the information provided by a single neuron about each of the stimuli in a set of stimuli is calculated, then it is found that the amount of information about individual stimuli can be as high as 1.5–2 bits for some stimuli ( ...
... Invariant Face and Object Recognition certainly not fully distributed. If the information provided by a single neuron about each of the stimuli in a set of stimuli is calculated, then it is found that the amount of information about individual stimuli can be as high as 1.5–2 bits for some stimuli ( ...
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in Four Extrastriate Visual
... other unit data into groups by extrastriate areas, and statistical tests (F tests, t tests, linear regression, correlations) were performed on the grouped data to determine whether data were signficantly different across areas and which indices were correlated within an area or across all areas. The ...
... other unit data into groups by extrastriate areas, and statistical tests (F tests, t tests, linear regression, correlations) were performed on the grouped data to determine whether data were signficantly different across areas and which indices were correlated within an area or across all areas. The ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... closely into account and resolves the abovementioned challenge arising from observed inter-areal delays. In addition, systematic investigations of directed inter-areal influences as a function of frequency revealed that influences in the two directions predominate in distinct frequency bands (Bastos ...
... closely into account and resolves the abovementioned challenge arising from observed inter-areal delays. In addition, systematic investigations of directed inter-areal influences as a function of frequency revealed that influences in the two directions predominate in distinct frequency bands (Bastos ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... her then-husband, actor Brad Pitt (Fig. 1, top-right), again regardless of the low-level features that make up his appearance. Thus, one might conclude that Brad Pitt’s presence suppresses the cells’ responses to Jennifer Aniston. However, other models might also explain these responses. The respons ...
... her then-husband, actor Brad Pitt (Fig. 1, top-right), again regardless of the low-level features that make up his appearance. Thus, one might conclude that Brad Pitt’s presence suppresses the cells’ responses to Jennifer Aniston. However, other models might also explain these responses. The respons ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... because any parameters must describe a probability distribution and not a single point in the parameter space. Therefore, a reduction of the integrate-and-fire models is necessary in order to establish a systematic relation between structure (parameters), dynamics, and functional behavior (i.e., to s ...
... because any parameters must describe a probability distribution and not a single point in the parameter space. Therefore, a reduction of the integrate-and-fire models is necessary in order to establish a systematic relation between structure (parameters), dynamics, and functional behavior (i.e., to s ...
Print
... At each penetration site, responses from 675 frequency-level stimulus conditions determine the frequency response area (Sutter and Schreiner 1991, 1995), including the excitatory tuning curve. Tone burst frequencies are spaced logarithmically with the range of test frequencies chosen according to th ...
... At each penetration site, responses from 675 frequency-level stimulus conditions determine the frequency response area (Sutter and Schreiner 1991, 1995), including the excitatory tuning curve. Tone burst frequencies are spaced logarithmically with the range of test frequencies chosen according to th ...