classical conditioning
... When an adult angrily approaches her, she cowers in fear. What happened and what should the teacher do? ...
... When an adult angrily approaches her, she cowers in fear. What happened and what should the teacher do? ...
Extinction
... – Safety signals associated with this avoidance behavior are then signals for reinforcement – These safety signals may not be “outside” or external cues, but feelings and behaviors within the organism – Feeling of relief is reinforcing! ...
... – Safety signals associated with this avoidance behavior are then signals for reinforcement – These safety signals may not be “outside” or external cues, but feelings and behaviors within the organism – Feeling of relief is reinforcing! ...
Escape from shock versus escape from shock accompanied by a
... independently (the sample sizes: n1=n2=25). The cumulative frequency distribution of escapes for the trials 1-25 will be denoted as S1 and for trials 26-50 as S2. The S1 minus S2 difference was calculated for each subject. A positive value of the S1-S2 difference indicates shortening of escape laten ...
... independently (the sample sizes: n1=n2=25). The cumulative frequency distribution of escapes for the trials 1-25 will be denoted as S1 and for trials 26-50 as S2. The S1 minus S2 difference was calculated for each subject. A positive value of the S1-S2 difference indicates shortening of escape laten ...
1 How the Nervous System Works
... nervous system is a communications network. But it is much more efficient than the Internet. The nervous system receives information about what is happening both inside and outside your body. It also directs the way in which your body responds to this information. In addition, your nervous system he ...
... nervous system is a communications network. But it is much more efficient than the Internet. The nervous system receives information about what is happening both inside and outside your body. It also directs the way in which your body responds to this information. In addition, your nervous system he ...
The role of spiking nonlinearity in contrast gain control
... perfectly with our analytical results. This result suggests the amplitude gain varying with contrast observed in neurophysiological experiments (Benardete & Kaplan, 1999; Shapley & Enroth-Cugell, 1984) should arise at least partly from the nonlinearity of the system. This does not reflect any underly ...
... perfectly with our analytical results. This result suggests the amplitude gain varying with contrast observed in neurophysiological experiments (Benardete & Kaplan, 1999; Shapley & Enroth-Cugell, 1984) should arise at least partly from the nonlinearity of the system. This does not reflect any underly ...
Module 5. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
... environmental stimuli, thus the beginnings of the S-R (stimulus-response) theory. This view posits that some behaviors occur on account of environmental stimuli rather than conscious thoughts. Thorndike extended Pavlov’s theory by showing that stimuli that occurred after a behavior had an influence ...
... environmental stimuli, thus the beginnings of the S-R (stimulus-response) theory. This view posits that some behaviors occur on account of environmental stimuli rather than conscious thoughts. Thorndike extended Pavlov’s theory by showing that stimuli that occurred after a behavior had an influence ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... Similar to this neuron, 77% (27/35) of texture gradient–sensitive neurons showed selectivity to a 3D surface orientation defined by disparity gradients of RDS. In these neurons, orientation selectivity was significantly correlated (r ⫽ 0.566; P ⬍ 0.001) between dot-TP and RDS (Fig. 2B, bottom row). ...
... Similar to this neuron, 77% (27/35) of texture gradient–sensitive neurons showed selectivity to a 3D surface orientation defined by disparity gradients of RDS. In these neurons, orientation selectivity was significantly correlated (r ⫽ 0.566; P ⬍ 0.001) between dot-TP and RDS (Fig. 2B, bottom row). ...
Mental Set Alters Visibility of Moving Targets Mental Set
... means for "stimulus-certainty" and "stimulus-uncertainty." Finally, there was no systematic difference between performance on the two types of uncertainty trials: those on which the dots moved upward and those on which the dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data ar ...
... means for "stimulus-certainty" and "stimulus-uncertainty." Finally, there was no systematic difference between performance on the two types of uncertainty trials: those on which the dots moved upward and those on which the dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data ar ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... adult C57BL/6J mouse. The figure shows traces from a single trial at compressed time scale (a) and at an expanded time scale (b). Arrows in a indicate the onset and offset of visual stimulation, respectively. Note the presence of rhythmic oscillations (approximately 40 Hz) in the local field potenti ...
... adult C57BL/6J mouse. The figure shows traces from a single trial at compressed time scale (a) and at an expanded time scale (b). Arrows in a indicate the onset and offset of visual stimulation, respectively. Note the presence of rhythmic oscillations (approximately 40 Hz) in the local field potenti ...
Chapter 6 - RaduegePsychology
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... focus (Ojemann, 1997). While we should note that all the data comes from epileptic patients, more than 80% of the recorded neurons were outside the areas of seizure ...
... focus (Ojemann, 1997). While we should note that all the data comes from epileptic patients, more than 80% of the recorded neurons were outside the areas of seizure ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... and seen together with a contralateral stimulus). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the response latencies (Figure 12-4C, two-tailed t test, p>0.15), durations (Figure 12-4D, p>0.3) or magnitudes evaluated by the total number of spikes (Figure 12-4E, p>0.1)6. ...
... and seen together with a contralateral stimulus). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the response latencies (Figure 12-4C, two-tailed t test, p>0.15), durations (Figure 12-4D, p>0.3) or magnitudes evaluated by the total number of spikes (Figure 12-4E, p>0.1)6. ...
the psychological review
... Riess (23,24), and Wylie (32) are concerned with this problem. Since they are most relevant to the present paper, these experiments may be briefly described. Razran (20) measured the amount of saliva secreted while he thought of 'saliva' in English, Russian, German, French, Spanish, and Polish. As c ...
... Riess (23,24), and Wylie (32) are concerned with this problem. Since they are most relevant to the present paper, these experiments may be briefly described. Razran (20) measured the amount of saliva secreted while he thought of 'saliva' in English, Russian, German, French, Spanish, and Polish. As c ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... study suggested that low frequency stimuli produced neither shortnor long-term changes in the evoked response of networks [7]. Another study showed that repeated slow stimulation at single electrodes (40 pulses per electrode, delivered through 6 electrodes) transformed an initially stable pattern of ...
... study suggested that low frequency stimuli produced neither shortnor long-term changes in the evoked response of networks [7]. Another study showed that repeated slow stimulation at single electrodes (40 pulses per electrode, delivered through 6 electrodes) transformed an initially stable pattern of ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
An adaptive time integration method for more - ETH E
... Modelling and Advanced Simulations group (AMAS, [3]). OPAL is used for the simulation of existing accelerators but also in the design of the new SwissFEL project [4]. In this thesis we consider only OPAL-T, where the beam in a linear accelerator is simulated by moving particles forward in time. OPAL ...
... Modelling and Advanced Simulations group (AMAS, [3]). OPAL is used for the simulation of existing accelerators but also in the design of the new SwissFEL project [4]. In this thesis we consider only OPAL-T, where the beam in a linear accelerator is simulated by moving particles forward in time. OPAL ...
Chapter 6
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
Adaptation of Firing Rate and Spike
... sufficient to initiate the rate increase but not the slower rate decrease. The rate increase was observed in 30 of 30 neurons tested with such stimuli. The firing rate increase depends on depolarization and does not require spiking To determine how adaptation depends on the properties of the stimulu ...
... sufficient to initiate the rate increase but not the slower rate decrease. The rate increase was observed in 30 of 30 neurons tested with such stimuli. The firing rate increase depends on depolarization and does not require spiking To determine how adaptation depends on the properties of the stimulu ...
A Hierarchical Instrumental Decision Theory of Nicotine Dependence
... of the drug outcome, whereas habit/compulsion theory highlights direct associations between stimuli and responses (S-R). These theories are typically used to explain drug use in both humans and animals. However, whereas human researchers are generally happy to accept propositional knowledge of assoc ...
... of the drug outcome, whereas habit/compulsion theory highlights direct associations between stimuli and responses (S-R). These theories are typically used to explain drug use in both humans and animals. However, whereas human researchers are generally happy to accept propositional knowledge of assoc ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...