Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... Animal preparation. Our animal setup (Fig. with converging axons to its corresponding Col A glomerulus. This lies ventral and medial to a glomerulus receiving terminals of neurons 2) is adapted from that reported by Wilson and with dendrites in both the lobula plate and the lobula (LPL neurons), bel ...
... Animal preparation. Our animal setup (Fig. with converging axons to its corresponding Col A glomerulus. This lies ventral and medial to a glomerulus receiving terminals of neurons 2) is adapted from that reported by Wilson and with dendrites in both the lobula plate and the lobula (LPL neurons), bel ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
(2003). The psychology of learning. In L. Nadel (Ed.)
... employed by the developmental psychologist.) The absence of a behavioral change cannot prove that no learning has occurred. Secondly, some changes in behavior, although undoubtedly a consequence of interaction with the environment, are not usually regarded as instances of learning. For example, a ra ...
... employed by the developmental psychologist.) The absence of a behavioral change cannot prove that no learning has occurred. Secondly, some changes in behavior, although undoubtedly a consequence of interaction with the environment, are not usually regarded as instances of learning. For example, a ra ...
neuropharmacology of spasticity
... diminishes with time Injection of mixed nerves will cause anaesthesia as well as paralysis ...
... diminishes with time Injection of mixed nerves will cause anaesthesia as well as paralysis ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
The discovery of the artificial. Some protocybernetic
... reproduction of the former opens up the way to the ("empirical") hypothesis that from this starting point it will be possible to simulate complex processes which are more commonly known as "psychic", by means of a procedure of accumulation and generalization of the positive results reached which is ...
... reproduction of the former opens up the way to the ("empirical") hypothesis that from this starting point it will be possible to simulate complex processes which are more commonly known as "psychic", by means of a procedure of accumulation and generalization of the positive results reached which is ...
UNIT 6: Learning CHAPTER OUTLINE HOW DO WE LEARN
... should instead study how organisms respond to stimuli in their environments, said Watson: “Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods.” Simply said, psychology should be an objective science based on observable behavior. This ...
... should instead study how organisms respond to stimuli in their environments, said Watson: “Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods.” Simply said, psychology should be an objective science based on observable behavior. This ...
Text - ETH E
... This article focuses on recent modeling studies of dopamine neuron activity and their influence on behavior. Activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is phasically increased by stimuli that increase the animal’s reward expectation and is decreased below baseline levels when the reward fails to occur. T ...
... This article focuses on recent modeling studies of dopamine neuron activity and their influence on behavior. Activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is phasically increased by stimuli that increase the animal’s reward expectation and is decreased below baseline levels when the reward fails to occur. T ...
Remapping of Border Ownership in the Visual Cortex
... One observation that suggests object-related coding in the visual cortex is that of border-ownership selectivity (Zhou et al., 2000; Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005). Placing an edge of a figure (e.g., a square) in the RF of a neuron, Zhou et al. found that approximately half of the neurons in V2 are se ...
... One observation that suggests object-related coding in the visual cortex is that of border-ownership selectivity (Zhou et al., 2000; Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005). Placing an edge of a figure (e.g., a square) in the RF of a neuron, Zhou et al. found that approximately half of the neurons in V2 are se ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of particular interest because one of the set, the Mauthner cell, is already known to play an important role in the escape behaviors used to avoid predators. There ...
... dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of particular interest because one of the set, the Mauthner cell, is already known to play an important role in the escape behaviors used to avoid predators. There ...
Perception
... Sensation : stimulation of sense organs Perception: selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input Psychophysics = the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience ...
... Sensation : stimulation of sense organs Perception: selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input Psychophysics = the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience ...
Giant Fibre Activation of Direct Flight Muscles in
... of the direct flight muscles were driven by the giant fibre system. An earlier study described giant fibre activation of indirect wing elevators (Tanouye & Wyman, 1980). Thus, taken together, all major muscles responsible for wing elevation and opening Fig. 2. Horizontal sections (anterior U to the ...
... of the direct flight muscles were driven by the giant fibre system. An earlier study described giant fibre activation of indirect wing elevators (Tanouye & Wyman, 1980). Thus, taken together, all major muscles responsible for wing elevation and opening Fig. 2. Horizontal sections (anterior U to the ...
Ch6 Study Guide SP14
... 5. A circus trainer wants to train a cat to pull a rope as part of an animal act. The probability that the cat will just pull a rope is very low. What technique would be the best choice to use to help the cat learn to emit the desired response? a. Shaping c. Extinction b. Stimulus generalization d. ...
... 5. A circus trainer wants to train a cat to pull a rope as part of an animal act. The probability that the cat will just pull a rope is very low. What technique would be the best choice to use to help the cat learn to emit the desired response? a. Shaping c. Extinction b. Stimulus generalization d. ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... brief (≤ 100 ms) and post masked. We used a nonspeeded response procedure in which participants were told that their reaction time would not be measured and they would be able to use as much time as needed for making their decision. We found that a Poisson Counter Model could accurately explain the ...
... brief (≤ 100 ms) and post masked. We used a nonspeeded response procedure in which participants were told that their reaction time would not be measured and they would be able to use as much time as needed for making their decision. We found that a Poisson Counter Model could accurately explain the ...
Predictive Coding as a Model of Biased Competition in Visual
... than additive (Crick and Koch, 1998; Grossberg and Raizada, 2000; Roelfsema, 2006), for example, in order to avoid top-down expectation producing strong responses to stimuli for which there is no supporting evidence (i.e., to prevent the “hallucination” of image features that are not present). The m ...
... than additive (Crick and Koch, 1998; Grossberg and Raizada, 2000; Roelfsema, 2006), for example, in order to avoid top-down expectation producing strong responses to stimuli for which there is no supporting evidence (i.e., to prevent the “hallucination” of image features that are not present). The m ...
Mental rotation impairs attention shifting and short
... in which Task 1 was a mental-rotation task and Task 2 required a covert shift of the focus of visual-spatial attention. In the mentalrotation task stimuli were presented either in their upright position or rotated from this position by 140◦ . The latter condition can be estimated to keep the mental- ...
... in which Task 1 was a mental-rotation task and Task 2 required a covert shift of the focus of visual-spatial attention. In the mentalrotation task stimuli were presented either in their upright position or rotated from this position by 140◦ . The latter condition can be estimated to keep the mental- ...
The Physiology and psychology of pain
... The pain receptors are located in the skin and are purported to carry pain impulses via a continuous fiber directly to the brain’s pain center The pathway includes the peripheral nerves, the lateral STT in the spinal cord and the hypothalamus (the brain’s pain center) This theory was examined and re ...
... The pain receptors are located in the skin and are purported to carry pain impulses via a continuous fiber directly to the brain’s pain center The pathway includes the peripheral nerves, the lateral STT in the spinal cord and the hypothalamus (the brain’s pain center) This theory was examined and re ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... Although generally considered harmless, it has been hypothesized that photic sneezing is at least in part a causal factor in conduction deafness, mediastinorrhexis and cerebral hemorrhage [3]. Lang & Howland [8] point out that photic sneezing could be dangerous for individuals in certain professions ...
... Although generally considered harmless, it has been hypothesized that photic sneezing is at least in part a causal factor in conduction deafness, mediastinorrhexis and cerebral hemorrhage [3]. Lang & Howland [8] point out that photic sneezing could be dangerous for individuals in certain professions ...
Zimb_AP_Ch04 - Somerset Academy
... Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball Photoreceptors – Light-sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses ...
... Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball Photoreceptors – Light-sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... is the first place where bilateral whisker sensory afferents converge (Erzurumlu and Kilacky 1980; Smith 1973; Waite 1969). Accordingly, Shuler et al. (2002) found that intact S1 cortex in both hemispheres was required for successful performance of a bilateral tactile discrimination task. If S1 is a ...
... is the first place where bilateral whisker sensory afferents converge (Erzurumlu and Kilacky 1980; Smith 1973; Waite 1969). Accordingly, Shuler et al. (2002) found that intact S1 cortex in both hemispheres was required for successful performance of a bilateral tactile discrimination task. If S1 is a ...
Solar Phys (2012) 275:261–284 DOI 10.1007/s11207-011-9709-6
... The most common stimulus telescope targets used for imaging are shown in Figure 2. They are: i) The random dot target: A distribution of randomly placed dots of different diameters. The target provides a strong signal on all spatial scales. It is nonrepetitive at small scales, so that displacements ...
... The most common stimulus telescope targets used for imaging are shown in Figure 2. They are: i) The random dot target: A distribution of randomly placed dots of different diameters. The target provides a strong signal on all spatial scales. It is nonrepetitive at small scales, so that displacements ...
Sensation
... Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball Photoreceptors – Light-sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses ...
... Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball Photoreceptors – Light-sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... effect of both lesions. Figure 6 shows the cumulative effect of both the electrolytic and the chemical lesions of the NG on the responses of VPL cells to CRD (A) and cutaneous stimuli (B). Responses to 80-mmHg CRD show a significant reduction of 59.8 { 3.4%. Responses to BR were also significantly r ...
... effect of both lesions. Figure 6 shows the cumulative effect of both the electrolytic and the chemical lesions of the NG on the responses of VPL cells to CRD (A) and cutaneous stimuli (B). Responses to 80-mmHg CRD show a significant reduction of 59.8 { 3.4%. Responses to BR were also significantly r ...
