Learning and Conditioning
... • Reinforcers are given for successive approximations to the desired response until the desired response is achieved. • Using shaping and other techniques, Skinner was able to train pigeons to: – play table tennis with their beaks – “bowl” in a miniature alley, complete with a wooden ball and tiny b ...
... • Reinforcers are given for successive approximations to the desired response until the desired response is achieved. • Using shaping and other techniques, Skinner was able to train pigeons to: – play table tennis with their beaks – “bowl” in a miniature alley, complete with a wooden ball and tiny b ...
Document
... A first grader feels ill when recess time approaches because he was beat up on the playground the last 3 days in a row. Certain smells that can elicit nauseous sensations (Hopefully NOT from the cafeteria!) Speech phobia : cold sweat, shaking knees and hands Phobias in general ...
... A first grader feels ill when recess time approaches because he was beat up on the playground the last 3 days in a row. Certain smells that can elicit nauseous sensations (Hopefully NOT from the cafeteria!) Speech phobia : cold sweat, shaking knees and hands Phobias in general ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... for each subject, with forty-four subjects. The same steps used for visual cues were repeated to acquire the reaction times from Labscribe and average each subject’s times. The subsequent parts required repeating the procedure for the auditory cues, but with one differing step for each. In the third ...
... for each subject, with forty-four subjects. The same steps used for visual cues were repeated to acquire the reaction times from Labscribe and average each subject’s times. The subsequent parts required repeating the procedure for the auditory cues, but with one differing step for each. In the third ...
Operant Conditioning and its Application to Instructional Design
... Although programmed instruction is effective in achieving certain learning outcomes, it is sometimes characterized as boring because of the monotony, repetition, and small steps towards mastery. Crowder attempted to alleviate this problem by introducing branching to programmed instruction. In branc ...
... Although programmed instruction is effective in achieving certain learning outcomes, it is sometimes characterized as boring because of the monotony, repetition, and small steps towards mastery. Crowder attempted to alleviate this problem by introducing branching to programmed instruction. In branc ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... be a central anesthesia during the eye movement. But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direct ...
... be a central anesthesia during the eye movement. But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direct ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for the behavioral task is stimulus speed, but in principle it can be any one-dimensional analog parameter of the stimulus. (B) The st ...
... psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for the behavioral task is stimulus speed, but in principle it can be any one-dimensional analog parameter of the stimulus. (B) The st ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... cortex reflect both the probability and quantity of expected reward for a visuomotor response. There is similar evidence for the orbital frontal cortex30–34. In the more purely sensory domain, Jagadeesh et al.35 showed that responses of neurons of the inferotemporal cortex to objects were modulated ...
... cortex reflect both the probability and quantity of expected reward for a visuomotor response. There is similar evidence for the orbital frontal cortex30–34. In the more purely sensory domain, Jagadeesh et al.35 showed that responses of neurons of the inferotemporal cortex to objects were modulated ...
the amygdala and reward
... cortex reflect both the probability and quantity of expected reward for a visuomotor response. There is similar evidence for the orbital frontal cortex30–34. In the more purely sensory domain, Jagadeesh et al.35 showed that responses of neurons of the inferotemporal cortex to objects were modulated ...
... cortex reflect both the probability and quantity of expected reward for a visuomotor response. There is similar evidence for the orbital frontal cortex30–34. In the more purely sensory domain, Jagadeesh et al.35 showed that responses of neurons of the inferotemporal cortex to objects were modulated ...
Ch. 3
... followed closely by a reinforcer, even if they are not related For example, a particular pair of socks might become “lucky” if something good happened when you wore them ...
... followed closely by a reinforcer, even if they are not related For example, a particular pair of socks might become “lucky” if something good happened when you wore them ...
Models of Attentional Learning - Indiana University Bloomington
... If people learn to attend to some cues or dimensions while suppressing attention to other cues or dimensions, then it is natural to suppose that the learned attention should perseverate into subsequent training even if the dimension values and/or the category assignments change. In particular, if th ...
... If people learn to attend to some cues or dimensions while suppressing attention to other cues or dimensions, then it is natural to suppose that the learned attention should perseverate into subsequent training even if the dimension values and/or the category assignments change. In particular, if th ...
Learning - WordPress.com
... be repeated experiences in that situation, provided that the behavior can’t be explained by native response tendencies, maturation, or temporary states (fatigue, drugs, etc.) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
... be repeated experiences in that situation, provided that the behavior can’t be explained by native response tendencies, maturation, or temporary states (fatigue, drugs, etc.) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
Ch_6_Learning_PP
... Operant conditioning techniques work best with behaviors that would typically occur in a specific situation, or naturally for a given subject. Superstitious behavior: Tendency to repeat behaviors that are followed closely by a reinforcer, even if they are not related. For example, a particular p ...
... Operant conditioning techniques work best with behaviors that would typically occur in a specific situation, or naturally for a given subject. Superstitious behavior: Tendency to repeat behaviors that are followed closely by a reinforcer, even if they are not related. For example, a particular p ...
the iterative reprocessing model
... threats, the demeanor of the man coupled with his ethnicity may auto1. It is important to note that additional time on task does not necessitate more reflective processing. People can ruminate about a stimulus for a long time before thinking about it in a different way. ...
... threats, the demeanor of the man coupled with his ethnicity may auto1. It is important to note that additional time on task does not necessitate more reflective processing. People can ruminate about a stimulus for a long time before thinking about it in a different way. ...
Document
... For each of the following examples, decide whether the situation is an example of classical or operant conditioning. I. If you decide the situation seems to be an example of classical conditioning, you should label the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. II. If you decide the situation seems to be an example of o ...
... For each of the following examples, decide whether the situation is an example of classical or operant conditioning. I. If you decide the situation seems to be an example of classical conditioning, you should label the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. II. If you decide the situation seems to be an example of o ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... realigned with respect to the first image of the scan, spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template, and spatially smoothed with an 8-mm FWHM (full width at half-maximum) Gaussian filter. Data were analyzed using the general linear model as implemented in VoxBo (www.vox ...
... realigned with respect to the first image of the scan, spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template, and spatially smoothed with an 8-mm FWHM (full width at half-maximum) Gaussian filter. Data were analyzed using the general linear model as implemented in VoxBo (www.vox ...
Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning induce similar
... Abstract Appetitive and aversive learning drive an animal toward or away from stimuli predicting reinforcement, respectively. The specificity of these memories may vary due to differences in cost–benefit relationships associated with appetitive and aversive contexts. As a consequence, generalization ...
... Abstract Appetitive and aversive learning drive an animal toward or away from stimuli predicting reinforcement, respectively. The specificity of these memories may vary due to differences in cost–benefit relationships associated with appetitive and aversive contexts. As a consequence, generalization ...
Classical conditioning
... through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g. salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus. These basic facts, which require many qualifications (see below), were first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs. Together wi ...
... through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g. salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus. These basic facts, which require many qualifications (see below), were first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs. Together wi ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... the cell - lateral geniculate neurons, other V1 neurons, feedback signals from extrastriate cortex, and inputs received from the pulvinar. Stimulus-referred descriptions are a theoretical construct; a V1 neuron lives and dies in the dark, never being directly stimulated by photons. In describing the ...
... the cell - lateral geniculate neurons, other V1 neurons, feedback signals from extrastriate cortex, and inputs received from the pulvinar. Stimulus-referred descriptions are a theoretical construct; a V1 neuron lives and dies in the dark, never being directly stimulated by photons. In describing the ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... definitive answer to the question of how time is represented in IT during the DMS task but to study quantitatively the conditions for generating and modifying such a possible representation. Because the behavior of the two recorded cells is particularly evident and consistent with other observations ...
... definitive answer to the question of how time is represented in IT during the DMS task but to study quantitatively the conditions for generating and modifying such a possible representation. Because the behavior of the two recorded cells is particularly evident and consistent with other observations ...
31 within-subject testing of the signaled
... ules because a stimulus that always is paired with reinforcer delivery, and is a better predictor of reinforcement than the response, always ought to reduce response rates. In describing the effects of a brief signal on learning, most researchers have inferred the strength of learning from response ...
... ules because a stimulus that always is paired with reinforcer delivery, and is a better predictor of reinforcement than the response, always ought to reduce response rates. In describing the effects of a brief signal on learning, most researchers have inferred the strength of learning from response ...
Operant Conditioning
... psychology should instead study how organisms respond to stimuli in their environments, said Watson. 41 lts theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods." Simply said, psychology should be an objective science based on observable be ...
... psychology should instead study how organisms respond to stimuli in their environments, said Watson. 41 lts theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods." Simply said, psychology should be an objective science based on observable be ...
The Thinking Horse: Cognition and Perception Reviewed
... types of training, as can be seen from anecdotal reports citing greater success with shorter sessions, especially with young horses. Training for research purposes is predominantly based on positive reinforcement. Horses learn to respond to a wide variety of stimuli in tests ranging from simple disc ...
... types of training, as can be seen from anecdotal reports citing greater success with shorter sessions, especially with young horses. Training for research purposes is predominantly based on positive reinforcement. Horses learn to respond to a wide variety of stimuli in tests ranging from simple disc ...
Conditioned Preference in Humans: A Novel Experimental Approach
... the magnitude of their preferences for a particular stimulus may contaminate the data with explicit cognitive factors such as the subject’s understanding of the purpose of the experiment and may not be as sensitive to preference differences as a two-alternative forced-choice procedure (Lewicki, 1985 ...
... the magnitude of their preferences for a particular stimulus may contaminate the data with explicit cognitive factors such as the subject’s understanding of the purpose of the experiment and may not be as sensitive to preference differences as a two-alternative forced-choice procedure (Lewicki, 1985 ...
Classical Conditioning
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