Temporal and spatial receptive field characteristics of tectal neurons
... small spots than to big spots. Direction selectivity was not observed, but a preference for one orientation of movement could be seen often (12 out of 20 cells). ...
... small spots than to big spots. Direction selectivity was not observed, but a preference for one orientation of movement could be seen often (12 out of 20 cells). ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center ...
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center ...
Young Innovators 2009
... • Collapse to amorphous form. • Recrystallisation on different facets. ...
... • Collapse to amorphous form. • Recrystallisation on different facets. ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... permitted at each orientation. Human and ideal observers performed a 2-interval, forced-choice (2IFC) orientation discrimination task (bottom right). On each trial, 2 bars of equal length, but differing in orientation, sequentially contacted the fingertip. A schematic drawing is shown of 1 of the ba ...
... permitted at each orientation. Human and ideal observers performed a 2-interval, forced-choice (2IFC) orientation discrimination task (bottom right). On each trial, 2 bars of equal length, but differing in orientation, sequentially contacted the fingertip. A schematic drawing is shown of 1 of the ba ...
Does Vicarious Instigation Provide Support for Observational
... model and unconditioned response of the dition 1 make significantly more instigated model (suspending consideration of instruc- responses than those who experience Conditions for the moment) results in the four tion 2, the instigation relates to the unconexperimental conditions listed in Table 1. di ...
... model and unconditioned response of the dition 1 make significantly more instigated model (suspending consideration of instruc- responses than those who experience Conditions for the moment) results in the four tion 2, the instigation relates to the unconexperimental conditions listed in Table 1. di ...
Test Name: Psych1Test2SP2012 1. b. complexity Feedback: The
... d. avoid adopting the behaviors of the culture because it will seem insincere. Feedback: When traveling in another country, it is important to understand and follow their cultural norms, even if it makes you uncomfortable. It is also important to avoid stereotyping. ...
... d. avoid adopting the behaviors of the culture because it will seem insincere. Feedback: When traveling in another country, it is important to understand and follow their cultural norms, even if it makes you uncomfortable. It is also important to avoid stereotyping. ...
Associative foundation of causal learning in rats
... that rats possess higher-order reasoning skills that are typically reserved for explanations of human performance. However, our data suggest that this assumption is not necessary to produce behavior indicative of causal learning in the present task. ...
... that rats possess higher-order reasoning skills that are typically reserved for explanations of human performance. However, our data suggest that this assumption is not necessary to produce behavior indicative of causal learning in the present task. ...
Representation of Movement
... null, direction) is critical for generating physiological direction selectivity. This inhibition could either act linearly as subtraction or, more likely, nonlinearly as a shunting inhibition to suppress responses to motion in the antipreferred direction. An early model incorporating the three basic ...
... null, direction) is critical for generating physiological direction selectivity. This inhibition could either act linearly as subtraction or, more likely, nonlinearly as a shunting inhibition to suppress responses to motion in the antipreferred direction. An early model incorporating the three basic ...
OSC_Psychology_TestBank_Ch06_Learning
... 38. Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house ...
... 38. Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... Relations between the MMN and Other ERP Waves The MMN can be distinguished from earlier difference waveforms on several dimensions. The most important earlier waveform is the N1 wave, which often increases in amplitude with a change in the stimulus and therefore shows up in the deviant-standard diff ...
... Relations between the MMN and Other ERP Waves The MMN can be distinguished from earlier difference waveforms on several dimensions. The most important earlier waveform is the N1 wave, which often increases in amplitude with a change in the stimulus and therefore shows up in the deviant-standard diff ...
Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion
... depth is important in surface reconstrucof information as one ascends the pathway. (B) Hypothetical roles of V1 and MT in motion processing. Local velocity (direction and speed) is initially measured in V1. Cell receptive fields are oriented in space and time tion for determining which velocity (bot ...
... depth is important in surface reconstrucof information as one ascends the pathway. (B) Hypothetical roles of V1 and MT in motion processing. Local velocity (direction and speed) is initially measured in V1. Cell receptive fields are oriented in space and time tion for determining which velocity (bot ...
Précis of The Brain and Emotion
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... evoked lemniscal response or its characteristic frequency-dependent depression (not shown). This was expected because the lemniscal pathway does not produce feed-forward inhibition due to the lack of inhibitory interneurons in the rodent ventrobasal thalamus (Ohara and Lieberman 1993; Spacek and Lie ...
... evoked lemniscal response or its characteristic frequency-dependent depression (not shown). This was expected because the lemniscal pathway does not produce feed-forward inhibition due to the lack of inhibitory interneurons in the rodent ventrobasal thalamus (Ohara and Lieberman 1993; Spacek and Lie ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... go visual discrimination task. In this task, the shutter opened to reveal one of the two stimuli. One of the stimuli indicated that if the monkey licked a tube positioned in front of his mouth, he would obtain a reward of approximately 0.2 ml of fruit juice. The other stimulus indicated that if he l ...
... go visual discrimination task. In this task, the shutter opened to reveal one of the two stimuli. One of the stimuli indicated that if the monkey licked a tube positioned in front of his mouth, he would obtain a reward of approximately 0.2 ml of fruit juice. The other stimulus indicated that if he l ...
Optimized Parallel Coding of Second
... To quantify the neural responses and relate them to the stimulus envelope, we used linear systems identifications techniques to compute the gain and phase relationships. The recorded membrane potential was first high-pass filtered (100 Hz; eighth-order Butterworth). Spike times were defined as the t ...
... To quantify the neural responses and relate them to the stimulus envelope, we used linear systems identifications techniques to compute the gain and phase relationships. The recorded membrane potential was first high-pass filtered (100 Hz; eighth-order Butterworth). Spike times were defined as the t ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
Reflex Conditioning
... Rats are the typical subjects because they are handy, well known, and easy to ...
... Rats are the typical subjects because they are handy, well known, and easy to ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Power Point - D. Fry Science
... but can become maladaptive... Need to have mechanism for individual species to modify responses to stimulation... And THAT is what happens by virture of learning. ...
... but can become maladaptive... Need to have mechanism for individual species to modify responses to stimulation... And THAT is what happens by virture of learning. ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... Malenka & Nicoll, 1993) and depression (LTD) (Artola & Singer; 1993). Thus, it makes more sense to study the effect of synaptic changes than of synaptic values. Synaptic learning rules (see section 8) based on or inspired by LTP and LTD data can be used to compute the changes in synaptic strengths t ...
... Malenka & Nicoll, 1993) and depression (LTD) (Artola & Singer; 1993). Thus, it makes more sense to study the effect of synaptic changes than of synaptic values. Synaptic learning rules (see section 8) based on or inspired by LTP and LTD data can be used to compute the changes in synaptic strengths t ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... OR) to facilitate later histological localization of the recording sites (DiC arlo et al., 1996). The tip of the microdrive was then inserted into the recording chamber, which was filled with physiological saline, and oriented so the electrodes were normal to the skull. The electrodes emerged from t ...
... OR) to facilitate later histological localization of the recording sites (DiC arlo et al., 1996). The tip of the microdrive was then inserted into the recording chamber, which was filled with physiological saline, and oriented so the electrodes were normal to the skull. The electrodes emerged from t ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... from the properties of the prediction error. As the error (k1RV) is zero, or at least of a small magnitude on AX episodes, little associative strength accrues to signal X. By contrast, the error on the initial AY episode has a larger value, thereby producing increments on the associative strength of ...
... from the properties of the prediction error. As the error (k1RV) is zero, or at least of a small magnitude on AX episodes, little associative strength accrues to signal X. By contrast, the error on the initial AY episode has a larger value, thereby producing increments on the associative strength of ...
