Dopamine and Reward - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... Basic phenomena: gradual learning and extinction curves More elaborate behavioral phenomena (Neural data) ...
... Basic phenomena: gradual learning and extinction curves More elaborate behavioral phenomena (Neural data) ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... Suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli correlates with tuning selectivity in macaque V1. J Neurophysiol 87: 1018 –1027, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00614.2001. Neural responses in primary visual cortex (area V1) are selective for the orientation and spatial frequency of luminance-modulated sinus ...
... Suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli correlates with tuning selectivity in macaque V1. J Neurophysiol 87: 1018 –1027, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00614.2001. Neural responses in primary visual cortex (area V1) are selective for the orientation and spatial frequency of luminance-modulated sinus ...
The attribution of incentive salience to a stimulus that signals an
... does support the development of a conditioned place preference (CPP), which is often interpreted as Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior. However, it is not clear that a CPP is only attributable to Pavlovian conditioning [7,8,22]. For example, on testing, whenever an animal enters a place previou ...
... does support the development of a conditioned place preference (CPP), which is often interpreted as Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior. However, it is not clear that a CPP is only attributable to Pavlovian conditioning [7,8,22]. For example, on testing, whenever an animal enters a place previou ...
Behavioral View of Learning
... helpful to group the theories according to whether they focus on changes in behavior or in thinking. The distinction is rough and inexact, but a good place to begin. For starters, therefore, consider two perspectives about learning, called behaviorism (learning as changes in overt behavior) and cons ...
... helpful to group the theories according to whether they focus on changes in behavior or in thinking. The distinction is rough and inexact, but a good place to begin. For starters, therefore, consider two perspectives about learning, called behaviorism (learning as changes in overt behavior) and cons ...
Hoopfer et al., Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
File
... people learn relaxation techniques and then, while they are relaxed, they are gradually exposed to the stimulus they fear. ...
... people learn relaxation techniques and then, while they are relaxed, they are gradually exposed to the stimulus they fear. ...
The influence of current direction on phosphene
... Methods: Phosphene thresholds were determined in 6 subjects. We compared two stimulator types (Medtronic-Dantec and Magstim) with monophasic pulses using the standard figure-of-eight coils and systematically varied hemisphere (left and right) and induced current direction (latero-medial and medio-la ...
... Methods: Phosphene thresholds were determined in 6 subjects. We compared two stimulator types (Medtronic-Dantec and Magstim) with monophasic pulses using the standard figure-of-eight coils and systematically varied hemisphere (left and right) and induced current direction (latero-medial and medio-la ...
Associative memory properties of multiple cortical modules
... to its attractor network properties) are associated by Hebb-like modifiable synapses to the corresponding sustained activity states present in the input modules during processing. In general, one expects these inter-modular associations to involve sets of several features in one module associated wi ...
... to its attractor network properties) are associated by Hebb-like modifiable synapses to the corresponding sustained activity states present in the input modules during processing. In general, one expects these inter-modular associations to involve sets of several features in one module associated wi ...
resting membrane potential
... and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the strength of ion movement in the direction of the arrow. (a) Potassium ions move out of th ...
... and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the strength of ion movement in the direction of the arrow. (a) Potassium ions move out of th ...
Theories and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning
... opposite. In other cases, A1 and A2 are the same. Grau (1987) observed that the unconditioned response to radiant heat consisted of an initial short-duration hypoalgesia, or decreased sensitivity to pain, followed by a more persistent hypoalgesia. How do we know that both A1 and A2 reactions to a pa ...
... opposite. In other cases, A1 and A2 are the same. Grau (1987) observed that the unconditioned response to radiant heat consisted of an initial short-duration hypoalgesia, or decreased sensitivity to pain, followed by a more persistent hypoalgesia. How do we know that both A1 and A2 reactions to a pa ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
Chapter 9: Learning: Principles and Applications
... This spontaneous recovery does not bring the CR back to original strength, however. Pavlov’s dogs produced much less saliva during spontaneous recovery extinction: the gradual disthan they did at the end of their original conditioning. Alternating lengthy appearance of a conditioned when the conditi ...
... This spontaneous recovery does not bring the CR back to original strength, however. Pavlov’s dogs produced much less saliva during spontaneous recovery extinction: the gradual disthan they did at the end of their original conditioning. Alternating lengthy appearance of a conditioned when the conditi ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... stimulus (and withholding an inappropriate motor response to that stimulus) is again increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of ...
... stimulus (and withholding an inappropriate motor response to that stimulus) is again increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... To more prominently display the short-ISI features, we plot the same standard ISIH on a logarithmic time scale (Fig. 1, middle panel ). The similar shape of the initial peak and the differential secondary decay are clearly evident in this plot, as well. However, because the binning is relatively coa ...
... To more prominently display the short-ISI features, we plot the same standard ISIH on a logarithmic time scale (Fig. 1, middle panel ). The similar shape of the initial peak and the differential secondary decay are clearly evident in this plot, as well. However, because the binning is relatively coa ...
Chapter 6: Introduction to Operant Conditioning Lecture Overview
... was placed just outside the door To get to the food, the cat could open the door by pressing a lever Initially, the cats tried a number of behaviors to escape befor e stumbling across correct response Thorndike was interested in how long it took the cat to escape when placed back in the box DV = the ...
... was placed just outside the door To get to the food, the cat could open the door by pressing a lever Initially, the cats tried a number of behaviors to escape befor e stumbling across correct response Thorndike was interested in how long it took the cat to escape when placed back in the box DV = the ...
lecture 10
... Often they found that once the response was trained, it would deteriorate; other “instinctive” behaviors (e.g., rooting the coins) would “drift” in and interfere with performance of the operant response. The pigs treated the coins as if they were food and these food related behaviors interfered with ...
... Often they found that once the response was trained, it would deteriorate; other “instinctive” behaviors (e.g., rooting the coins) would “drift” in and interfere with performance of the operant response. The pigs treated the coins as if they were food and these food related behaviors interfered with ...
Notes - Cort W. Rudolph, Ph.D.
... • A fixed ratio (FR) schedule requires that a behavior occur a set number of times for each reinforcer. • Reinforcers in variable ratio (VR) schedules are given after a fluctuating number of behaviors. • In a fixed interval (FI) schedule, as set amount of time must pass before reinforcement becomes ...
... • A fixed ratio (FR) schedule requires that a behavior occur a set number of times for each reinforcer. • Reinforcers in variable ratio (VR) schedules are given after a fluctuating number of behaviors. • In a fixed interval (FI) schedule, as set amount of time must pass before reinforcement becomes ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... from externally triggered signals. However, the first-person perspective does exist even in the absence of sensory stimulation, and should pre-exist perceptual experience: there cannot be a conscious experience from no one. In a similar manner, most experiments on perceptual consciousness have conce ...
... from externally triggered signals. However, the first-person perspective does exist even in the absence of sensory stimulation, and should pre-exist perceptual experience: there cannot be a conscious experience from no one. In a similar manner, most experiments on perceptual consciousness have conce ...
Motion Sensitivity
... motion signals into a unified percept. There are long range interactions across the visual field that “bind” local motions together into a single large object moving in one direction. See the demos DiaMovieG.mov and DiaMovieW.mov for an example of local and global motion perception being very differ ...
... motion signals into a unified percept. There are long range interactions across the visual field that “bind” local motions together into a single large object moving in one direction. See the demos DiaMovieG.mov and DiaMovieW.mov for an example of local and global motion perception being very differ ...
Classical conditioning - Exp In Social Studies
... There are many different types of learning. Learning is commonly defined as a long-lasting change in behavior resulting from experience. Learning can be measured through behavior. Brief changes are not indicative of learning. If behavior changes for a short time afterward, we would not want to attri ...
... There are many different types of learning. Learning is commonly defined as a long-lasting change in behavior resulting from experience. Learning can be measured through behavior. Brief changes are not indicative of learning. If behavior changes for a short time afterward, we would not want to attri ...
Fulltext - Brunel University Research Archive
... hampered by variance in published normative values and less than ideal inter-rater reliability. These problems might be mitigated in people with unilateral back pain by using the patient as their own control and comparing tactile acuity at the painful site to performance at the corresponding positio ...
... hampered by variance in published normative values and less than ideal inter-rater reliability. These problems might be mitigated in people with unilateral back pain by using the patient as their own control and comparing tactile acuity at the painful site to performance at the corresponding positio ...
Attention and Resistance To Extinction
... izing shock) the glass barrier, when combined with counter punishment for jumping, was the most effective extinction procedure. ...
... izing shock) the glass barrier, when combined with counter punishment for jumping, was the most effective extinction procedure. ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... stimulation. Stimulus parameters were kept in a range that avoided bubble formation on the electrode surfaces due to the hydrolysis of water. All eight electrodes of the largest, 4-m-wide electrode design fit well within the dendritic arbor of a single Purkinje neuron in a parasaggital slice of cer ...
... stimulation. Stimulus parameters were kept in a range that avoided bubble formation on the electrode surfaces due to the hydrolysis of water. All eight electrodes of the largest, 4-m-wide electrode design fit well within the dendritic arbor of a single Purkinje neuron in a parasaggital slice of cer ...
ch. 9 pdf - TeacherWeb
... This spontaneous recovery does not bring the CR back to original strength, however. Pavlov’s dogs produced much less saliva during spontaneous recovery extinction: the gradual disthan they did at the end of their original conditioning. Alternating lengthy appearance of a conditioned when the conditi ...
... This spontaneous recovery does not bring the CR back to original strength, however. Pavlov’s dogs produced much less saliva during spontaneous recovery extinction: the gradual disthan they did at the end of their original conditioning. Alternating lengthy appearance of a conditioned when the conditi ...