Increased taste intensity perception exhibited by
... was lowered for the next trial. A change in direction from increasing concentrations to lowering them, or vice versa, constituted a reversal. Eight reversals were obtained to complete the test. Concentrations for the last four reversal points were averaged to determine the detection thresholds. Subj ...
... was lowered for the next trial. A change in direction from increasing concentrations to lowering them, or vice versa, constituted a reversal. Eight reversals were obtained to complete the test. Concentrations for the last four reversal points were averaged to determine the detection thresholds. Subj ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... when it was presented as a match and the response to the same stimulus when it was presented as a nonmatch in other trials.18–20 Importantly, the physical characteristics of the stimulus were identical in both the “match” and the “nonmatch” conditions. The only difference between the two stimulus pr ...
... when it was presented as a match and the response to the same stimulus when it was presented as a nonmatch in other trials.18–20 Importantly, the physical characteristics of the stimulus were identical in both the “match” and the “nonmatch” conditions. The only difference between the two stimulus pr ...
Theroleofdendritesinauditory coincidence detection
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
Identification of speeded and slowed familiar melodies by younger, middle-aged, and older musicians and nonmusicians
... Component Tasks and Theoretical Models As noted previously, the slowed-clock model predicts declining performance with age for fast-melody identification, but better performance (that is, slower identification thresholds) for slow melodies. In three components of the identification task— maintaining ...
... Component Tasks and Theoretical Models As noted previously, the slowed-clock model predicts declining performance with age for fast-melody identification, but better performance (that is, slower identification thresholds) for slow melodies. In three components of the identification task— maintaining ...
Sensation
... The first neuron – is in the unipolar cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and homologous ganglia of the cranial nerves - Medial Holl’s tract fibers pass from Th4 and below (carries out deep sense from lower extremities and bottom of trunk) - Lateral Burdach’s pathway - from T ...
... The first neuron – is in the unipolar cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and homologous ganglia of the cranial nerves - Medial Holl’s tract fibers pass from Th4 and below (carries out deep sense from lower extremities and bottom of trunk) - Lateral Burdach’s pathway - from T ...
Learning Theories - Dr. Howard Fine, Clinical Psychologist London UK
... Reinforcement follows the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed E.g. receiving a monthly paycheck ...
... Reinforcement follows the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed E.g. receiving a monthly paycheck ...
Dopamine and Reward - University College London
... Basic phenomena: gradual learning and extinction curves More elaborate behavioral phenomena (Neural data) ...
... Basic phenomena: gradual learning and extinction curves More elaborate behavioral phenomena (Neural data) ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... 2001a). The linear combination of spherical basis functions effectively performs spatial lowpass filtering of the observed data. However, the placement and width free parameters allow for varying degrees of smoothing (Jenison et al 1998). The reliability of the receptive field function (equation (1) ...
... 2001a). The linear combination of spherical basis functions effectively performs spatial lowpass filtering of the observed data. However, the placement and width free parameters allow for varying degrees of smoothing (Jenison et al 1998). The reliability of the receptive field function (equation (1) ...
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory
... cortical response. By combining lesion and brain imaging techniques, Vuilleumier, Richardson, Armony, Driver, and Dolan (2004) were able to demonstrate that the enhanced response in the visual cortex to emotional stimuli may be the result of feedback from the amygdala. They showed a lack of visual c ...
... cortical response. By combining lesion and brain imaging techniques, Vuilleumier, Richardson, Armony, Driver, and Dolan (2004) were able to demonstrate that the enhanced response in the visual cortex to emotional stimuli may be the result of feedback from the amygdala. They showed a lack of visual c ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
lecture without notes - Doral Academy Preparatory
... John Garcia explained the role of classical conditioning in creating taste aversions ...
... John Garcia explained the role of classical conditioning in creating taste aversions ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
An Analytical Evaluation of “Differential Negative Reinforcement of
... faster than the alternative. Systematic desensitization can sometimes be slow, but a graded D-RSAA procedure could also be slow in some cases. There are no empirical grounds on which to claim that a well-executed graded D-RSAA procedure is any quicker (or more reliable) than a well-executed graded d ...
... faster than the alternative. Systematic desensitization can sometimes be slow, but a graded D-RSAA procedure could also be slow in some cases. There are no empirical grounds on which to claim that a well-executed graded D-RSAA procedure is any quicker (or more reliable) than a well-executed graded d ...
a few sensory concepts, 100416
... They respond to external stimuli to provide information about the external environment. ...
... They respond to external stimuli to provide information about the external environment. ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... The effect is to speed up the processing of all types of categorizations of red objects. To perceive the identity of the red digits rather than other attributes of the objects, 10 perceptual decisionbias parameters (1 for each type of digit) are set high, but other perceptual decision-bias parameter ...
... The effect is to speed up the processing of all types of categorizations of red objects. To perceive the identity of the red digits rather than other attributes of the objects, 10 perceptual decisionbias parameters (1 for each type of digit) are set high, but other perceptual decision-bias parameter ...
Document
... • Learned taste aversion – bad experience with certain food puts a person off that particular food but this conditioning does not entirely comply with classical conditioning – taste aversions common after just one bad experience (no repeated pairings), & CS-US interval usually very long (number of h ...
... • Learned taste aversion – bad experience with certain food puts a person off that particular food but this conditioning does not entirely comply with classical conditioning – taste aversions common after just one bad experience (no repeated pairings), & CS-US interval usually very long (number of h ...
Chapter 9 Notes Power Point
... A kind of learning that involves the association between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ...
... A kind of learning that involves the association between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ...
operant conditioning
... • Results: Observing the aggressive model increased the frequency of aggressive acts in the experimental group • Also: When the control group was led to believe that aggressive behavior would lead to reinforcement, they were able to imitate the aggressive model • Implication: Even if we do not immed ...
... • Results: Observing the aggressive model increased the frequency of aggressive acts in the experimental group • Also: When the control group was led to believe that aggressive behavior would lead to reinforcement, they were able to imitate the aggressive model • Implication: Even if we do not immed ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... in a small plastic tube and moved by air pressure. A pneumatic device (Dokoh-Pneu, Erlangen, Germany) was used to adjust the pressure applied on the mechanical stimulator with pressure velocities ranging from 2 to 20 m/s. The apparatus was placed outside the scanner, and a flexible tube was connecte ...
... in a small plastic tube and moved by air pressure. A pneumatic device (Dokoh-Pneu, Erlangen, Germany) was used to adjust the pressure applied on the mechanical stimulator with pressure velocities ranging from 2 to 20 m/s. The apparatus was placed outside the scanner, and a flexible tube was connecte ...
segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear
... where previously there had been none. This was especially true for high frequency neurons. In cases where there is a weak modulation of the period histogram, the criterion of a positive phase shift with increased frequency can be used to discern physiologically related phase locking. This method is ...
... where previously there had been none. This was especially true for high frequency neurons. In cases where there is a weak modulation of the period histogram, the criterion of a positive phase shift with increased frequency can be used to discern physiologically related phase locking. This method is ...
Behavioural Therapy
... Jennie has been neglecting her homework for the past few weeks. She spends great deal of time on telephone talking to her friends. Applying the Premack principle being allowed to talk on the phone to her friends could serve as a positive reinforcement for completing her home work. ...
... Jennie has been neglecting her homework for the past few weeks. She spends great deal of time on telephone talking to her friends. Applying the Premack principle being allowed to talk on the phone to her friends could serve as a positive reinforcement for completing her home work. ...
Learning
... • “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchantchief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, ...
... • “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchantchief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, ...
Hexagonal optical patterns in anisotropic non
... fields have been reproduced in recent years in non-linear optics. Current interest in nonlinear optics goes, however, deeper than demonstrating the universality of pattern formation. The widespread use of optical technologies in information transmission and processing points towards applications of ...
... fields have been reproduced in recent years in non-linear optics. Current interest in nonlinear optics goes, however, deeper than demonstrating the universality of pattern formation. The widespread use of optical technologies in information transmission and processing points towards applications of ...