Download Nervous System Study Guide 1

Name _________________________________ Hour ____
Studyguide on the Nervous System –
Organization of the Nervous System and the Neuron
1. What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System?
2. What other system works coordinate activities in order to maintain homeostasis.
3. What is homeostasis?
4. What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
5. What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?
For questions 6. – 8. Use the diagram below to fill in your answers.
The Nervous System
A
Brain
B
Spinal Cord
C
D
Afferent
Division
of PNS
Efferent
Division
of PNS
E
G
F
Somatic
Sensory
Receptors
Visceral
Sensory
Receptors
H
Somatic
Nervous
System
Autonomic
Nervous
System
J
I
Skeletal
muscle
K
Sympathetic
Nervous System
L
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
6. Using your notes, write out the pathway that the nervous system will use after eating a meal.
____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____
7. You see broken glass on the road ahead. Write out the pathway that the nervous system will take to avoid this
glass.
____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____
8. It seems like a stranger is following you as you walk to your car in the parking lot. Your heart starts beating
faster. Write out the pathway that the nervous system has taken during this experience.
____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____  ____
9. What are the 2 main types of cells in neural tissue?
10. What does an astrocyte do?
11. What does an oligodendrocyte do?
12. What does a microglial cell do?
13. What does an ependymal cell do?
14. What is the blood-brain barrier and why is it important?
15. What is myelin and why is it important?
16. What does a Schwann cell do?
17. What happens during Multiple Sclerosis?
18. – 24. Label the following parts of the neuron below:
(a) axon, (b) cell body, (c) dendrites, (d) internodes, (e) myelin, (f) nodes of Ranvier, (g) synaptic terminals
25. In the picture above, which direction will the impulse travel?
26. Why can’t neurons replace themselves if they are damaged?
27. The brain and spinal cord have grey matter. Why do parts of the brain and spinal cord look “greyer” than
others?
28. Which neuron is multipolar and which is unipolar?
29. – 30. Where are multipolar neurons found (2 places)?
31. Where are unipolar neurons found?
32. – 34. Explain the difference between a sensory neuron, a motor neuron, and an interneuron?
35. When does a neuron have a -70 mV difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell?
36. Why does this difference exist?
37. What 4 things can stimulate a neuron’s cell membrane?
38. What must take place in order for the neuron to trigger? (Explain this in terms of the difference in charge
between the inside and outside of the cell.)
39. Why is the triggering of a neuron considered an all-or-none principle?
40. What happens during the depolarization period?
41. How does myelination speed up how fast the impulse travels?
42. What happens during the repolarization period?
43. What happens during the refractory period?
44. So the impulse has been traveling down the axon and now reaches the synaptic terminal. What happens next?
45. Label presynaptic neuron, the synaptic cleft, and the postsynaptic neuron in the drawing below:
46. Where are neurotransmitters made?
47. Once calcium ions move into the presynaptic neuron, what happens to the vesicles containing
neurotransmitters?
48. If the neurotransmitter is excitatory, what will happen next?
49. If the neurotransmitter is inhibitory, what will happen next?
50. What is hyperpolarization?
51. Which neurotransmitters are excitatory?
52. Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory?
53. Which drawing show s the divergence of neurons and which shows the convergence of neurons
54. When would the divergence of neurons be useful?
55. When would the convergence of neurons be useful?