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Pre-Class Activity 11/24/08
Watch the following video
http://video.aol.com/video-detail/rub-your-tummy/1663705486
What does this have to do with the nervous system?
Homework
Phineas Gage Article (due tomorrow 11/25)
Vocabulary – 1st 9 terms (due Monday 12/1)
Brain Anatomy
Cerebrum
Cerebral
Hemisphere
Cerebral
Hemisphere
Lobes of the Brain movement,
orientation,
recognition,
perception
of stimuli
visual
processing
perception and recognition of sound
stimuli, memory, and speech
reasoning,
planning, parts of
speech,
movement,
emotions, and
problem solving
Pre-Class Activity 11/25/08
Today’s Brain Challenge
With a pen or pencil in each hand, try to
draw a circle with one hand and a square
with other at the same time.
Homework
Chapter 38 Vocab due Monday 12/1
Nervous System “Break Down”
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System
Brainstem
Peripheral
Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic
Nervous System
Somatic Nervous
System
(Involuntary)
(Voluntary)
The Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Gets the body
ready for
action
Sympathetic
Returns
body to its
normal
state
Nervous System Comparison
Central Somatic Autonomic
Pre-Class Activity 12/1
For Every item that you put a check mark
next to on your “Left Brain/Right Brain Quiz”
record if it is left or right brain function and
then tally up the “left” and “right” columns.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
L
L
L
R
L
R
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
R
L
R
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L
R
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
R
L
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R
Key
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Homework (Due Tuesday 12/2)
The Split Brain Experiment Article
R
R
L
R
R
L
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
L
L
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R
31. R
32. L
Spinal Reflexes
Pre-class Activity 12/2
Which parts of the nervous system are
involved in spinal reflexes?
A.The Central Nervous System
B.The Peripheral Nervous System
C.Both
Explain.
Homework (Due Wednesday 12/3)
Active Reading Assignment “Structures of the Nervous System”
Homework 12/3
Study For tomorrow’s quiz on 1st 9 vocab
terms
Complete “Structures of the Nervous
System” puzzle for extra credit
Turn in vocab sheet (with complete
definitions and highlighted or underlined
strategy words) along with puzzle right
before taking the quiz tomorrow
Neuron Anatomy
Pre-class Activity 12/4
Which of the following is controlled by the
autonomic nervous system?
A. Chewing
B. Reflexes
C. Talking
D. Walking
Which nervous system, CNS or PNS, contains the
autonomic nervous system?
Homework (Due Monday)
Remaining 7 vocabulary terms
Generating a Nerve Impulse – Resting
Potential
Because there are so
many more positively
charged particles on
the outside of the cell
membrane, a nerve
cell is negatively
charged on the inside
of the membrane
relative to the outside
Generating a Nerve Impulse – Action
Potential
Sodium channels open up
and sodium enters the cell
making the inside more
positive. This occurs along
the length of the neuron.
Following the opening of
the sodium channels,
potassium channels will
open up to restore balance
(resting potential)
Action Potential in “Action”
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/active_art/nerve_impulse/index.html
Generating a Nerve Impulse - Threshold
The action potential is a “all or none” response
to a stimulus. A stimulus has to be of enough
strength to cause an action potential to occur.
The critical point at which a stimulus causes an
action potential is called the threshold.
Pre-class Activity 12/9
In what direction does a nerve impulse travel?
A. Axon to dendrite
B. Dendrite to axon
Homework
Chapter 38 Test Monday
Communication Between Neurons
The electrical impulse
cannot cross the
synapse, but trigger
chemicals to be released
from the presynaptic
neuron by exocytosis that
can stimulate the
postsynaptic neuron.
These chemicals are
called neurotransmitters.
Presynaptic Neuron
Postsynaptic Neuron
Neurotransmitter Action
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the
postsynaptic cell. In response, cells open
ion channels. If sodium channels open,
then an action potential (nerve impulse) is
transmitted. If potassium channels open,
then a nerve impulse is inhibited.
Neurotransmitter Removal
Neurotransmitters are either reabsorbed
(recycled) by the presynaptic neuron or broken
down by chemicals.
The action of neurotransmitters is short-lived so
that neurons have time to “reset” themselves.
Sensory Systems
Sensory Receptors detect all forms of
energy such as:
heat (thermoreceptors)
light (photoreceptors
pressure (mechanoreceptors)
chemicals (chemoreceptors)
There are also pain receptors
Vision
Photoreceptors of the Eye (cells that convert
light energy into electrical energy) –
Rods – respond to dim light
Cones – respond to bright light and specific
colors
These receptors are found in the retina
Light sensitive inner layer of the eye
The Eye
Axons of photoreceptor cells make up the optic nerve
which sends signals to the brain for processing.
Hearing and Balance
Two types of mechanoreceptors that respond to
vibrations are responsible for our sense of
hearing and balance
1)Stimulates ear drum
2)Stimulates bones
4) Generates
electrical signals in
the auditory nerve
that are sent to the
temporal lobe of the
brain
Soundwaves
3) Stimulates the cochlea
Balance
Hairs in the fluid filled
semicircular canals sense
the direction and strength
of movement and send
electrical signals to the
cerebellum
Taste and Smell
Chemoreceptors responsible for the senses
of taste and smell respond to:
Sugars (sweetness)
Acids (sourness)
Alkaloids (bitterness)
Salts (saltiness)
Proteins (savory)
Taste and Smell Continued
Taste Buds
Brain
Food
Chemicals
Olfactory Receptors
Brain
Touch and Other Related Senses
Somatosensations
(Body)
Pain
Thermoreceptors (temperature)
Mechanoreceptors (pressure and tension)
Motor functions
Intellectual functions (frontal lobe)
Peripheral
NS
Central NS
(thalamus)
Somatosensory (parietal lobe)
Visual (occipital lobe)
Hearing (temporal lobe)