* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Nervous System
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Nervous System NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVES SENSE ORGANS Two Parts • Central (CNS) • Peripheral (PNS) http://inside.salve.edu/walsh/cns_pns.jpg Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord The Brain • Coordinates body activities • Made up of approximately 100 billion neurons • Divided into three major parts– the cerebrum – the cerebellum – the brain stem (medulla) Cerebrum • Largest part of the brain • Used for: – Thinking – Memory is stored – Movements are controlled – Impulses from the senses are interpreted. Cerebellum • Interprets stimuli from eyes, ears, muscles • Controls voluntary muscle movements • Maintains muscle tone • Helps maintain balance Medulla (Brain Stem) • Connects brain to spinal cord • Act as pathways connecting various parts of the brain with each other • Controls involuntary actions – Breathing, digestion, heart beat http://www.cbituk.org/GRAPHICS/brain.gif The Spinal Cord • Extension of the brain stem • Bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVES AND SENSES Nerve Cells • Neurons – Basic functioning units of the nervous system http://ilearn.senecac.on.ca/aahs/health/IHP/ottawa/anatomy/neuron/map/neuron.html http://35.9.122.184/images/40-AnimalStructureAndFunction/ Neurons • Made up of a cell body and branches called dendrites and axons – Dendrites receive messages from other neurons and send them to the cell body – Axons carry messages away from the cell body Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse Neurons A message carried by a neuron is called an impulse Types of Neurons • Sensory • Motor • Interneuron Sensory Neurons • Receive information • Send impulses to the brain or spinal cord Interneurons • Send impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons Motor Neurons • Conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body STIMULUS /RESPONSE • Synapse • Small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron Synapse • As impulse reaches the end of an axon, axon releases a chemical • Flows across the synapse • Stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron • Impulse moves from neuron to neuron http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/Volume7/Number1/images/Neuron.jpg An impulse moves in only one direction across a synapse - from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. http://mhln.com Peripheral Nervous System • Connects body to brain & spinal cord • 12 pairs of nerves from your brain (cranial nerves) • 31 pairs from your spinal cord (spinal nerves) – Bundles of sensory and motor neurons held together by connective tissue http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=178&c=21 Peripheral Nervous System • Two divisions – Somatic – Autonomic http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/Parmacology/Pics/anatomy/PNS.GIF Somatic Nervous System • Controls voluntary actions • Made up of the cranial and spinal nerves that go from the central nervous system to your skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System • Controls involuntary actions-those not under conscious control-such as your heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular functions http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/autonomic.gif Reflexes • Involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus • Involves a simple nerve pathway called a reflex arc