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Transcript
Neural Oscillations Continued Saee Paliwal TNU What is an oscillation? Simple Harmonic Oscillation phase amplitud frequenc e y power ∝ amplitude Neuronal oscillations: Van der Pol oscillators Limit Cycle of a neuron Mathematical foundation Population oscillation Coupled Oscillators Local field potential of neuronal oscillations This is the EEG signal Coupled oscillations An example of oscillations in vivo Analyzing the EEG signal Fourier transform: - decomposition of a signal from the time domain into the frequency domain Four kinds of waves: §beta (>13 Hz) §alpha (8-13 Hz) §theta (4-8 Hz) Frequen cy Time §delta (0.5-4 Hz) Neural Mass Model: Jansen and Rit, David and Friston Characteristics - Excitatory and Inhibitory connections a few cubic mm of volume (~10^4-~10^7 neurons) describe large populations of neurons with a handful of parameters (mean-field approximation) Jansen and Rit model Post-synaptic potential (PSP) model: convolution of impulse response and pre-synaptic input Impulse response. H is the synaptic gain, t is the time constant Membrane potential to rate for kth subpopulation. c, r and e are population parametrs (e.g. volatge sensitivity) Jansen and Rit, 1995 M/EEG signal Circuit Diagram 3 populations of neurons comprise a cortical area: - excitatory pyramidal cells - excitatory stellate cells - inhibitory interneurons v is the membrane potential, m is the mean firing rate, output signal Pulse David and Friston, 2003 Simulation of Oscillations Jansen and Rit model with David and Friston extension The power of synchrony Long range synchrony: contributes to the “binding problem,” ie their integration represents a “gestalt” or patter/representation of a object - - Visual Cortex: neural populations respond to color/shape/motion, and synchrony allows for the integration of these features into a percept (Eckhorn et al, 1988, Kreiter and Singer, 1996, Fries et al, 1997) Feature bindng extends to oflactory system (Freeman et al, 1978) and the auditory system (Aersen et al, 1991) It is also thought that synchronixation across several motor regions (ie motor cortex and spinal chord) lead to coordinated motor activity (van Wijk et al, 2012 Task-related Synchrony - binding across regions has been related to task-specific features
