Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... (A) Wakefulness. During wakefulness, monoaminergic, hypocretinergic, and cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neur ...
... (A) Wakefulness. During wakefulness, monoaminergic, hypocretinergic, and cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neur ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... The EEG pattern of drowsy wakefulness consists of low-voltage rhythmic alpha activity (8–13 cycles per second [Hz]). In stage 1 of NREM sleep, the low-voltage mixed frequency theta waves (4–8 Hz) replace alpha rhythm of wakefulness. Slow asynchronous eye movements are seen on the EOG in the beginnin ...
... The EEG pattern of drowsy wakefulness consists of low-voltage rhythmic alpha activity (8–13 cycles per second [Hz]). In stage 1 of NREM sleep, the low-voltage mixed frequency theta waves (4–8 Hz) replace alpha rhythm of wakefulness. Slow asynchronous eye movements are seen on the EOG in the beginnin ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... The EEG pattern and the eye movements that occur during REM sleep are apparently similar to that observed during wakefulness. The autonomic tone increases resulting in fast and irregular respiration, increased heart rate and elevated brain temperature. The brain glucose metabolism increases signific ...
... The EEG pattern and the eye movements that occur during REM sleep are apparently similar to that observed during wakefulness. The autonomic tone increases resulting in fast and irregular respiration, increased heart rate and elevated brain temperature. The brain glucose metabolism increases signific ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were administered at the slightest changes toward activated EEG patterns. The ca ...
... Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were administered at the slightest changes toward activated EEG patterns. The ca ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
... • When activated the VLPO cells apparently send direct inhibitory messages to other nerve cells that contain neurotransmitters involved in wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the prim ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... We propose to analyze intracranial recordings during REMs in wakefulness and sleep to investigate and contrast their neurophysiological correlates. This unique dataset has been recorded in UCLA in epileptic patients resistant to pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential s ...
... We propose to analyze intracranial recordings during REMs in wakefulness and sleep to investigate and contrast their neurophysiological correlates. This unique dataset has been recorded in UCLA in epileptic patients resistant to pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential s ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... pointing in a similar direction: inhibition of wake promoting neurons concurrent with activation of sleep promoting neurons. The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of sleep and wake states has been recognised as early as 1930,35,36 but it is only in recent years that a population of sleep pr ...
... pointing in a similar direction: inhibition of wake promoting neurons concurrent with activation of sleep promoting neurons. The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of sleep and wake states has been recognised as early as 1930,35,36 but it is only in recent years that a population of sleep pr ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
Csercsa Richárd
... Kleitman (Aserinsky and Kleitman, Science, 1953). It accounts for 20-25% of total sleep time and it is mainly characterized by fast movements of the eyes, desynchronized high-frequency EEG activity, muscle atonia, PGO waves (recorded from the pons, the geniculatum, and the occipital cortex), and the ...
... Kleitman (Aserinsky and Kleitman, Science, 1953). It accounts for 20-25% of total sleep time and it is mainly characterized by fast movements of the eyes, desynchronized high-frequency EEG activity, muscle atonia, PGO waves (recorded from the pons, the geniculatum, and the occipital cortex), and the ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formation has indirect afferent connections from the whole of the cerebral cortex, funneled through the adjacent temporal cortex and the subiculum. The best understood function of the hippocampus is the consolidation of memory. Other components of ...
... entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formation has indirect afferent connections from the whole of the cerebral cortex, funneled through the adjacent temporal cortex and the subiculum. The best understood function of the hippocampus is the consolidation of memory. Other components of ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of a quartz microscope slide with grooves 520 nm deep and 2 µm wide. Note that the grooves have approximately right angled sides, sharp corners and are evenly spaced. The lower photo is a magnified view of the boxed region. (B) Angle measurement protocol for ...
... Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of a quartz microscope slide with grooves 520 nm deep and 2 µm wide. Note that the grooves have approximately right angled sides, sharp corners and are evenly spaced. The lower photo is a magnified view of the boxed region. (B) Angle measurement protocol for ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... The main finding of the present study is that learning the hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neur ...
... The main finding of the present study is that learning the hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neur ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... al., 1999) which contains ‘broadly tuned’ cells that respond maximally to complex species-specific vocalizations (Rauschecker et al., 1995; Kosaki et al., 1997). Price and co-workers (Öngür and Price, 2000) have subdivided the OMPFC into two networks with differing connections and functions: medial ...
... al., 1999) which contains ‘broadly tuned’ cells that respond maximally to complex species-specific vocalizations (Rauschecker et al., 1995; Kosaki et al., 1997). Price and co-workers (Öngür and Price, 2000) have subdivided the OMPFC into two networks with differing connections and functions: medial ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such that the activity m entorhinal cortex spread to the CA1 pyramidal cells without a change in pattern. In additional simulations, ...
... For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such that the activity m entorhinal cortex spread to the CA1 pyramidal cells without a change in pattern. In additional simulations, ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... yielded retrograde-labeled cells in the ventral CA1 (de Olmos et al., 1978), although authors were unsure of this projection due to the large sizes of their injections. The reason could be methodological and/or due to species differences. Sensitive retrograde tracers such as FG gave rise to retrogra ...
... yielded retrograde-labeled cells in the ventral CA1 (de Olmos et al., 1978), although authors were unsure of this projection due to the large sizes of their injections. The reason could be methodological and/or due to species differences. Sensitive retrograde tracers such as FG gave rise to retrogra ...