WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... backpropagation, controlling interference between memories is simpler. It amounts to ensuring good pattern separation, i.e. that two input patterns that should be distinct but are correlated, end up less correlated at the output stage. Sometimes pattern separation is referred to with the more string ...
... backpropagation, controlling interference between memories is simpler. It amounts to ensuring good pattern separation, i.e. that two input patterns that should be distinct but are correlated, end up less correlated at the output stage. Sometimes pattern separation is referred to with the more string ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neurons are hyperpolarized by 10 –15 mV) (190, 679, 839, 912, 916), and the neocortex entrains other brain structures ...
... cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neurons are hyperpolarized by 10 –15 mV) (190, 679, 839, 912, 916), and the neocortex entrains other brain structures ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... found that spontaneous (i.e. not evoked or induced) DMN current source density levels within frequency bands delta to beta (0.5–30 Hz) were associated with participants’ thoughts recorded during a resting period, which were largely self-regulatory (e.g. “I need to focus and sit still”). Similarly, c ...
... found that spontaneous (i.e. not evoked or induced) DMN current source density levels within frequency bands delta to beta (0.5–30 Hz) were associated with participants’ thoughts recorded during a resting period, which were largely self-regulatory (e.g. “I need to focus and sit still”). Similarly, c ...
Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the treatment of epilepsy
... et al., 1969). It is also evident that both animals and humans suppress the intention to move (Sterman, 1996). This convergence of findings suggests that facilitation and/or regulation of the SMR substrate alters motor output, and sets the stage for reduced proprioceptive afferent input to thalamus. ...
... et al., 1969). It is also evident that both animals and humans suppress the intention to move (Sterman, 1996). This convergence of findings suggests that facilitation and/or regulation of the SMR substrate alters motor output, and sets the stage for reduced proprioceptive afferent input to thalamus. ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... model to include CS-CS associations and designated this rendering the S-P-H (Schmajuk-Pearce-Hall) model. By combining CS-CS and CS-US associations, the S-P-H model describes second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning. Under the aggregate prediction hypothesis, the S-P-H model correctly d ...
... model to include CS-CS associations and designated this rendering the S-P-H (Schmajuk-Pearce-Hall) model. By combining CS-CS and CS-US associations, the S-P-H model describes second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning. Under the aggregate prediction hypothesis, the S-P-H model correctly d ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... a distinct pattern of staining. Neuronal staining typically filled the cytoplasm of the cells, except for m2 which frequently resulted in a margin of reaction product along the cell surface with much less immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. Control sections processed with omission of antibody routine ...
... a distinct pattern of staining. Neuronal staining typically filled the cytoplasm of the cells, except for m2 which frequently resulted in a margin of reaction product along the cell surface with much less immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. Control sections processed with omission of antibody routine ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... Although it is clear that spindles are generated in the thalamus, several hypotheses for the genesis of oscillations by thalamic circuits have been proposed and tested by models (reviewed in Destexhe and Sejnowski 2001, 2003). These involve reciprocal synaptic interactions between TC neurons and loc ...
... Although it is clear that spindles are generated in the thalamus, several hypotheses for the genesis of oscillations by thalamic circuits have been proposed and tested by models (reviewed in Destexhe and Sejnowski 2001, 2003). These involve reciprocal synaptic interactions between TC neurons and loc ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... rodents and nonhuman primates. The strategy used in this research was to ablate cytoarchitectonically distinct regions of the MTL and measure ensuing memory performance, research which critically relied on the delayed (non) matching-to-sample recognition memory paradigm.2 This work led to the develo ...
... rodents and nonhuman primates. The strategy used in this research was to ablate cytoarchitectonically distinct regions of the MTL and measure ensuing memory performance, research which critically relied on the delayed (non) matching-to-sample recognition memory paradigm.2 This work led to the develo ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... sitting motionlesswith eyesopen. Occasionally, rhythmic tremor of vibrissae at HVS frequency was present during an HVS episode. The HVS arose from a desynchronized background. The presenceof large-amplitude slow wavesduring drowsiness decreasedthe probability of occurrence of HVS. Smalldosesof scopo ...
... sitting motionlesswith eyesopen. Occasionally, rhythmic tremor of vibrissae at HVS frequency was present during an HVS episode. The HVS arose from a desynchronized background. The presenceof large-amplitude slow wavesduring drowsiness decreasedthe probability of occurrence of HVS. Smalldosesof scopo ...
Multiple Running Speed Signals in Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... running speed signal to code for movement through space, although the mechanisms employed to generate grid cell firing differ in a number of key respects across models. The speed signal is generally modeled with oscillatory activity that varies in frequency as a function of running speed or a firing ...
... running speed signal to code for movement through space, although the mechanisms employed to generate grid cell firing differ in a number of key respects across models. The speed signal is generally modeled with oscillatory activity that varies in frequency as a function of running speed or a firing ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
... the results reported in this section. The relationship between motor activity and ACh release may depend on the region investigated, the different levels of arousal and attention, and the type of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activit ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... Abstract—Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or noncancerous. Early detection and classification of brain tumors is very important in clinical practice. Electroencephalogram signal is one of the oldest measures of brain activity tha ...
... Abstract—Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or noncancerous. Early detection and classification of brain tumors is very important in clinical practice. Electroencephalogram signal is one of the oldest measures of brain activity tha ...
Chapter-3-Lecture
... 1. Although still asleep, the brain engages in lowamplitude, fast and regular beta waves (15-40 cps) much like awake-aroused state. ...
... 1. Although still asleep, the brain engages in lowamplitude, fast and regular beta waves (15-40 cps) much like awake-aroused state. ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... de Curtis et al., 1999) in rhinal cortices yielded results identical to those obtained with field potential recordings. For instance, stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract induced large optical signals in the lateral ERC, via piriform-to-ERC associative fibers, as well as in the medial ERC, via ...
... de Curtis et al., 1999) in rhinal cortices yielded results identical to those obtained with field potential recordings. For instance, stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract induced large optical signals in the lateral ERC, via piriform-to-ERC associative fibers, as well as in the medial ERC, via ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... seizures. The seizure activity was induced by pentylenetetrazol. A: The negative potential (i), the positive-negative fluctuation (2), and the positive potential (3) in the DC/EEG recording coincide with monophasic negative FP and stereotyped paroxysmal depolarization shift in the neuron. The negati ...
... seizures. The seizure activity was induced by pentylenetetrazol. A: The negative potential (i), the positive-negative fluctuation (2), and the positive potential (3) in the DC/EEG recording coincide with monophasic negative FP and stereotyped paroxysmal depolarization shift in the neuron. The negati ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilitated by projections from the entorhinal cortex to CA1 and also across connections between CA3 and CA1. Thus, al ...
... probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilitated by projections from the entorhinal cortex to CA1 and also across connections between CA3 and CA1. Thus, al ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... range (0:Imax), with Imax = 12 for foreground neurons and Imax = 4.5 for background neurons. An examination of the resultant neural dynamics confirms that this form of input produces a Gaussian distribution of ISI (data not shown). In each of these simulations, all synaptic connections in the networ ...
... range (0:Imax), with Imax = 12 for foreground neurons and Imax = 4.5 for background neurons. An examination of the resultant neural dynamics confirms that this form of input produces a Gaussian distribution of ISI (data not shown). In each of these simulations, all synaptic connections in the networ ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbirds (M. bonariensis) reported that these sex differences vary seasonally and that sexual dimorphism in relative hippocampal volume might be present only during the breeding seas ...
... the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbirds (M. bonariensis) reported that these sex differences vary seasonally and that sexual dimorphism in relative hippocampal volume might be present only during the breeding seas ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... Stewart and Fox, 1990). Supporting both ideas, lesions of MSDB cholinergic and GABAergic cells eliminate HPC during locomotion (Gerashchenko et al., 2001). One way to determine the roles of MSDB cholinergic and GABAergic involvement in hippocampal function is to determine whether a selective lesion ...
... Stewart and Fox, 1990). Supporting both ideas, lesions of MSDB cholinergic and GABAergic cells eliminate HPC during locomotion (Gerashchenko et al., 2001). One way to determine the roles of MSDB cholinergic and GABAergic involvement in hippocampal function is to determine whether a selective lesion ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... neocortex consists of six distinct layers that are parallel to the cortical surface. In the vertical dimension, neurons are organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as ...
... neocortex consists of six distinct layers that are parallel to the cortical surface. In the vertical dimension, neurons are organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP By Dr. Mohammad
... – Inhibition of reticular activating system by descending pathways from preoptic area and diagonal band of broca this prevents desynchronisation ...
... – Inhibition of reticular activating system by descending pathways from preoptic area and diagonal band of broca this prevents desynchronisation ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... REM sleep is accompanied by high levels of blood flow in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex ...
... REM sleep is accompanied by high levels of blood flow in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex ...
Methods for reducing interference in the Complementary Learning
... strongly to that stimulus. As these units respond more and more strongly to the stimulus, they start to inhibit other units. Thus, the neural response to a stimulus transitions from a diffuse overall response (where no units are tuned to respond strongly to the stimulus) to a more focused response w ...
... strongly to that stimulus. As these units respond more and more strongly to the stimulus, they start to inhibit other units. Thus, the neural response to a stimulus transitions from a diffuse overall response (where no units are tuned to respond strongly to the stimulus) to a more focused response w ...