Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... The number of offspring per litter in the TNF-KO mice was similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with ...
... The number of offspring per litter in the TNF-KO mice was similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... intraperitoneally (Wang et al., 2009) or directly intra hippocampus (A. Azami et al., 2009) compared with the saline group, induced apoptosis and significantly increased caspase-3 activity. ...
... intraperitoneally (Wang et al., 2009) or directly intra hippocampus (A. Azami et al., 2009) compared with the saline group, induced apoptosis and significantly increased caspase-3 activity. ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... function—modeling the dysfunction seen in individuals diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. EtOH-exposed adult rats are impaired in auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC), a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; tone) is followed by an aversive uncond ...
... function—modeling the dysfunction seen in individuals diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. EtOH-exposed adult rats are impaired in auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC), a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; tone) is followed by an aversive uncond ...
facing page
... exposure which produces euphoria in humans (euphoria usually appears at levels near 800-1 500 ppm, but individuals may be more or less sensitive to the effect of inhaled toluene). Because euphoria is the desired effect, the individuals abusing toluene purposely expose themselves to toluene levels of ...
... exposure which produces euphoria in humans (euphoria usually appears at levels near 800-1 500 ppm, but individuals may be more or less sensitive to the effect of inhaled toluene). Because euphoria is the desired effect, the individuals abusing toluene purposely expose themselves to toluene levels of ...
EEG & Sleep
... • Electrical activity recorded in EEG, is mainly from superficial layers of cerebral cortex which have number of dendrites on which many nerve terminals synapse. ...
... • Electrical activity recorded in EEG, is mainly from superficial layers of cerebral cortex which have number of dendrites on which many nerve terminals synapse. ...
Document
... • The other type of waking EEG pattern, beta activity, consists of irregular, mostly lowamplitude waves of 13–30 Hz. • Beta activity shows desynchrony; it reflects the fact that many different neural circuits in the brain are actively processing information. • beta activity • irregular electrical ac ...
... • The other type of waking EEG pattern, beta activity, consists of irregular, mostly lowamplitude waves of 13–30 Hz. • Beta activity shows desynchrony; it reflects the fact that many different neural circuits in the brain are actively processing information. • beta activity • irregular electrical ac ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... dialogue between neural and hormonal systems. Several investigations in animal studies indicate that psychological stress induces an effect, either structural or functional that may be different than mere glucocorticoid treatment (Diamond, Macintosh, Fleshner, & Woodson, 2002; Jamieson, Fuchs, Flugg ...
... dialogue between neural and hormonal systems. Several investigations in animal studies indicate that psychological stress induces an effect, either structural or functional that may be different than mere glucocorticoid treatment (Diamond, Macintosh, Fleshner, & Woodson, 2002; Jamieson, Fuchs, Flugg ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... with field potential recordings from thalamic foci that belong, grossly, to the same sensory or motor system. In those experiments, however, the different cortical and thalamic foci were not identified formally as reciprocally linked through monosynaptic projections. The results of those experiments ...
... with field potential recordings from thalamic foci that belong, grossly, to the same sensory or motor system. In those experiments, however, the different cortical and thalamic foci were not identified formally as reciprocally linked through monosynaptic projections. The results of those experiments ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... and retrieval that alternate in each cycle of a theta rhythm in the recurrent networks that receive spike input from that buffer (Koene et al., 2003; Koene and Hasselmo, 2005). By contrast, Jensen et al. (1996) relied on temporally separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclu ...
... and retrieval that alternate in each cycle of a theta rhythm in the recurrent networks that receive spike input from that buffer (Koene et al., 2003; Koene and Hasselmo, 2005). By contrast, Jensen et al. (1996) relied on temporally separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclu ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... animals showed similar persistent Up states. However, the relatively longer duration of Down states observed under anesthesia, compared to normal sleep, allows unequivocal detection, and more accurate analysis, of the temporal dynamics of persistent activity and its influence on cortico-hippocampal ...
... animals showed similar persistent Up states. However, the relatively longer duration of Down states observed under anesthesia, compared to normal sleep, allows unequivocal detection, and more accurate analysis, of the temporal dynamics of persistent activity and its influence on cortico-hippocampal ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... occipital) in addition to EEG activity, muscular paralysis, etc PGO waves are bursts of phasic electrical activity originating in the pons followed by activity in the LGN and visual cortex REM sleep controlled by mechanisms located within the pons: ...
... occipital) in addition to EEG activity, muscular paralysis, etc PGO waves are bursts of phasic electrical activity originating in the pons followed by activity in the LGN and visual cortex REM sleep controlled by mechanisms located within the pons: ...
The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical
... In the middle of the last century, a series of historical observations lead to the discovery of a vigilance state in humans and other mammals paradoxically characterized by cortical activation and rapid eye movements, but associated with a complete disappearance of the muscle tone (Aserinsky and Kle ...
... In the middle of the last century, a series of historical observations lead to the discovery of a vigilance state in humans and other mammals paradoxically characterized by cortical activation and rapid eye movements, but associated with a complete disappearance of the muscle tone (Aserinsky and Kle ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... In the models used, GABAergic inhibition is abolished creating a strong excitatory drive among principal neurons in mainly area CA3 of the hippocampus. Under these conditions, we showed that we could inhibit hypersynchronized bursts by activating the inhibitory NpHR chloride pump. One way of examini ...
... In the models used, GABAergic inhibition is abolished creating a strong excitatory drive among principal neurons in mainly area CA3 of the hippocampus. Under these conditions, we showed that we could inhibit hypersynchronized bursts by activating the inhibitory NpHR chloride pump. One way of examini ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration and synchronization of long-range activity within the emotion network (Lewis 2005). Support for the notion that theta oscillations are involved in the emotion network, and potentially ...
... interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration and synchronization of long-range activity within the emotion network (Lewis 2005). Support for the notion that theta oscillations are involved in the emotion network, and potentially ...
Comparison of population coherence of place cells in hippocampal
... Houston, PO Box 20708, Houston, Texas 77225, USA * Present address: Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA ...
... Houston, PO Box 20708, Houston, Texas 77225, USA * Present address: Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA ...
Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-Mixture Induces Ab, Amyloidogenic
... Environmental pollutants act as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mainly affecting the aging population. We investigated early manifestations of AD-like pathology by a mixture of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated rats with AsþCdþPb at ...
... Environmental pollutants act as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mainly affecting the aging population. We investigated early manifestations of AD-like pathology by a mixture of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated rats with AsþCdþPb at ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... dendrites of cortical cells are forest of similarly oriented, densely packed units in superficial layers of cerebral cortex. dendrites are site of nonpropagated hypopolarizing / hyperpolarizing local potential changes. as excitatory & inhibitory endings on dendrites of each cell become active, ...
... dendrites of cortical cells are forest of similarly oriented, densely packed units in superficial layers of cerebral cortex. dendrites are site of nonpropagated hypopolarizing / hyperpolarizing local potential changes. as excitatory & inhibitory endings on dendrites of each cell become active, ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... a few labeled neurons found mostly in the subicular fields. Lateral prefrontal cortices received the most robust projections from the presubiculum and the supracallosal area 29a-c. Orbital, and to a lesser extent medial, prefrontal areas received projections from a smaller but significant number of ...
... a few labeled neurons found mostly in the subicular fields. Lateral prefrontal cortices received the most robust projections from the presubiculum and the supracallosal area 29a-c. Orbital, and to a lesser extent medial, prefrontal areas received projections from a smaller but significant number of ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... • The first person to record electric currents of the brain was Richard Caton in1875. • Hans Berger (1929) is generally credited with the discovery of the EEG. He showed that the EEG differs between sleep and waking. • Aserinsky and Kleitman (1953) showed that sleep could be further differentiated i ...
... • The first person to record electric currents of the brain was Richard Caton in1875. • Hans Berger (1929) is generally credited with the discovery of the EEG. He showed that the EEG differs between sleep and waking. • Aserinsky and Kleitman (1953) showed that sleep could be further differentiated i ...
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... cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neurons are hyperpolarized by 10 –15 mV) (190, 679, 839, 912, 916), and the neocortex entrains other brain structures ...
... cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neurons are hyperpolarized by 10 –15 mV) (190, 679, 839, 912, 916), and the neocortex entrains other brain structures ...