SLEEP
... thinking, volition A ‘protoconsciousness’ – primordial state of brain organisation that has the building blocks of consciousness ...
... thinking, volition A ‘protoconsciousness’ – primordial state of brain organisation that has the building blocks of consciousness ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... EEG was recorded via a steel screw juxtaposed to the dura mater above the ipsilateral or contralateral frontal cortex (2.7 mm anterior to bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson, 1986) and referenced against an indifferent electrode placed adjacent to t ...
... EEG was recorded via a steel screw juxtaposed to the dura mater above the ipsilateral or contralateral frontal cortex (2.7 mm anterior to bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson, 1986) and referenced against an indifferent electrode placed adjacent to t ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... The appearance of EEG rhythmic activity in scalp recordings is only possible as a result of the synchronized activation of massifs of neurons, the summed synaptic events of which become sufficiently large. The rhythmic activity may be generated by both pacemaker neurons having inner capability of rh ...
... The appearance of EEG rhythmic activity in scalp recordings is only possible as a result of the synchronized activation of massifs of neurons, the summed synaptic events of which become sufficiently large. The rhythmic activity may be generated by both pacemaker neurons having inner capability of rh ...
On the use of cognitive maps - David Redish
... A reinforcement learning approach to animal behavior was used to develop a theory of cognitive map function. Reinforcement learning provides a theoretical framework within which the components of cognitive map function can be readily defined and explored. This approach addresses long-standing critici ...
... A reinforcement learning approach to animal behavior was used to develop a theory of cognitive map function. Reinforcement learning provides a theoretical framework within which the components of cognitive map function can be readily defined and explored. This approach addresses long-standing critici ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... human memory function, we have developed a model of hippocampal episodic memory function which can be used to link these effects to specific parameters of cholinergic physiology. Modeling the hippocampus is appropriate because of the neuropsychological data showing that lesions of the hippocampus se ...
... human memory function, we have developed a model of hippocampal episodic memory function which can be used to link these effects to specific parameters of cholinergic physiology. Modeling the hippocampus is appropriate because of the neuropsychological data showing that lesions of the hippocampus se ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... In most cases, however, this determination is relatively easy for the human eye. In the reconstructions described here, such distinction always occurs at the time of pencilon-paper tracing, and not as an unsupervised algorithmic step. Moreover, multiple colors are used to indicate variable thickness ...
... In most cases, however, this determination is relatively easy for the human eye. In the reconstructions described here, such distinction always occurs at the time of pencilon-paper tracing, and not as an unsupervised algorithmic step. Moreover, multiple colors are used to indicate variable thickness ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... white matter (WM) demyelinating disease, characterized by focal WM lesions consisting of T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrates, demyelination and axonal transection.2–4 However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical b ...
... white matter (WM) demyelinating disease, characterized by focal WM lesions consisting of T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrates, demyelination and axonal transection.2–4 However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical b ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, 2003). Neurophysiologists have a tradition of labeling such non-task related activity ‘spontaneous’ or even ‘background’, while similar flu ...
... input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, 2003). Neurophysiologists have a tradition of labeling such non-task related activity ‘spontaneous’ or even ‘background’, while similar flu ...
PLoS ONE-3
... region of the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapon testing area in Kazakhstan: 29% of all registered mental patients residing in the area were suffering from schizophrenia and among those, 42.3% were born before the first nuclear test explosions [5]. Furthermore, the incidence for schizophrenia has also bee ...
... region of the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapon testing area in Kazakhstan: 29% of all registered mental patients residing in the area were suffering from schizophrenia and among those, 42.3% were born before the first nuclear test explosions [5]. Furthermore, the incidence for schizophrenia has also bee ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... After deepening through stages N2 to N3, NREM sleep lightens and returns to stage N2, after which the sleeper enters REM sleep (“paradoxical sleep”: the EEG trace is “similar” to the activated EEG of waking or of stage N1). The EEG is characterized by low-voltage fast-activity, often with increased ...
... After deepening through stages N2 to N3, NREM sleep lightens and returns to stage N2, after which the sleeper enters REM sleep (“paradoxical sleep”: the EEG trace is “similar” to the activated EEG of waking or of stage N1). The EEG is characterized by low-voltage fast-activity, often with increased ...
Methods - Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing
... EEG was recorded within one month after entering the study from all patients and controls, but only EEG recorded from the patients who progressed to AD (n=25; below: MCI group) and age-matched controls (n=56) was used for the analysis. No patient or control subject received psychotropic medication a ...
... EEG was recorded within one month after entering the study from all patients and controls, but only EEG recorded from the patients who progressed to AD (n=25; below: MCI group) and age-matched controls (n=56) was used for the analysis. No patient or control subject received psychotropic medication a ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... Levenex, 2007). These fundamental structural differences between the two regions suggest distinct computational roles (McNaughton and Morris, 1987; Barnes et al., 1990; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; Rolls and Kesner, 2006). However, whether such differences arise from intrinsic properties of single ...
... Levenex, 2007). These fundamental structural differences between the two regions suggest distinct computational roles (McNaughton and Morris, 1987; Barnes et al., 1990; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; Rolls and Kesner, 2006). However, whether such differences arise from intrinsic properties of single ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... that alpha rhythm is not a unitary phenomenon; rather, it demonstrates considerable variation and changes, depending on age, mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded ...
... that alpha rhythm is not a unitary phenomenon; rather, it demonstrates considerable variation and changes, depending on age, mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded ...
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat
... medial vestibular nucleus oculomotor nucleus abducens nucleus facial nucleus nucleus gigantocellularis nucleus gigantocellularis, pars alpha nucleus of lateral lemniscus nucleus of pons occipital cortex ...
... medial vestibular nucleus oculomotor nucleus abducens nucleus facial nucleus nucleus gigantocellularis nucleus gigantocellularis, pars alpha nucleus of lateral lemniscus nucleus of pons occipital cortex ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... retrieval. First, in order to form associations between the various aspects of an event, the hippocampus would need to receive highly processed input from various modalities. Additionally, the hippocampus would also need to send output to the same regions in order to reactivate high-level representa ...
... retrieval. First, in order to form associations between the various aspects of an event, the hippocampus would need to receive highly processed input from various modalities. Additionally, the hippocampus would also need to send output to the same regions in order to reactivate high-level representa ...
On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the
... a semantic control task involving analysis of the meaning of words. Compared with the control condition, significant levels of activation were observed during both the past and future conditions in the right hippocampus and bilateral parahippocampal cortex. Furthermore, two left parahippocampal area ...
... a semantic control task involving analysis of the meaning of words. Compared with the control condition, significant levels of activation were observed during both the past and future conditions in the right hippocampus and bilateral parahippocampal cortex. Furthermore, two left parahippocampal area ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... (Fig. 2a,c). In mutant animals, however, no distinct cortical layers integrin protein from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (Fig. were obvious except for layer I, whose border with the other 1g). The emx1–cre mutants were born at a normal Mendelian cortical layers was also severely distorted (Fig ...
... (Fig. 2a,c). In mutant animals, however, no distinct cortical layers integrin protein from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (Fig. were obvious except for layer I, whose border with the other 1g). The emx1–cre mutants were born at a normal Mendelian cortical layers was also severely distorted (Fig ...
Stimulation of GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum and its effect
... activated in locomotor behavior through its projections to the medial septum and supramammillary nucleus (Stewart & Fox, 1990). This hippocampal theta-rhythm activated during voluntary locomotor behavior has shown to affect LS rhythm and has been explicitly studied by Bender and colleagues. Accordin ...
... activated in locomotor behavior through its projections to the medial septum and supramammillary nucleus (Stewart & Fox, 1990). This hippocampal theta-rhythm activated during voluntary locomotor behavior has shown to affect LS rhythm and has been explicitly studied by Bender and colleagues. Accordin ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... associated network architectures. Finally, role of neural Networks in medical diagnosis is discussed. Chapter five presents the proposed system. The proposed system involves two phases. First phase is feature extraction, where feature vectors are obtained by discrete wavelet transform. In phase two ...
... associated network architectures. Finally, role of neural Networks in medical diagnosis is discussed. Chapter five presents the proposed system. The proposed system involves two phases. First phase is feature extraction, where feature vectors are obtained by discrete wavelet transform. In phase two ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... In the computational modeling work presented here and previously (Hasselmo et al., 1992; Hasselmo and Schnell, 1994; Patil and Hasselmo, 1999; Linster and Hasselmo, 2001), we model acetylcholine effects as being diffuse and relatively homogeneous within cortical circuits. That is, we assume that vol ...
... In the computational modeling work presented here and previously (Hasselmo et al., 1992; Hasselmo and Schnell, 1994; Patil and Hasselmo, 1999; Linster and Hasselmo, 2001), we model acetylcholine effects as being diffuse and relatively homogeneous within cortical circuits. That is, we assume that vol ...